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Open Access Article

1 - The geometric and kinematic analysis of the Kabir-Kuh and Chenareh anticlines in the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt
فاطمه زینعلی mohammad hosein goudarzi

20.1001.1.17357128.1394.9.34.2.6

Kabir-Kuh and Chenareh anticlines are located in the Lurestan Province of the Zagros fold-thrust belt. The geometry and kinematic evolution of folds in the Zagros fold-thrust belt are controlled by thrust faults. In this paper, the geometry of the Kabir-Kuh and Chenareh More

Kabir-Kuh and Chenareh anticlines are located in the Lurestan Province of the Zagros fold-thrust belt. The geometry and kinematic evolution of folds in the Zagros fold-thrust belt are controlled by thrust faults. In this paper, the geometry of the Kabir-Kuh and Chenareh anticlines is investigated in order to analyze their deformation style. To analyze the deformation style of these anticlines, five structural cross-sections were measured perpendicular to the axial surface trace of the anticlines. Based on geometric and kinematic analysis, Kabir-Kuh and Chenareh anticlines have a geometry similar to faulted-detachment folds with multi-detachment levels. The detachment level above which the folds formed is probably located in the Lower Paleozoic series. Also structural cross-sections represent an important contribution of the Dashtak Formation as intermediate level in the development of deformation in this part of the Lurestan Province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Tectonic geomorphology approach in the assessment of fold- growth mechanism within the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt
آرش جمشیدی معصومه Vatandoust بهنام Oveisi علی فقیه

20.1001.1.17357128.1394.9.33.1.3

Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt consists of several fault–related folds which important hydrocarbon reservoirs are formed in relation to their evolution. Understanding of fold geometry and its growth pattern are affective parameters in the exploration and drilling programs of More

Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt consists of several fault–related folds which important hydrocarbon reservoirs are formed in relation to their evolution. Understanding of fold geometry and its growth pattern are affective parameters in the exploration and drilling programs of hydrocarbon reservoirs. In this research, stream bed erosion pattern and quantitative morphometric indices were used as geomorphic indicators to recognition the mechanism of fold-growth. Results of geomorphic investigation reveal dominant of detachment folding pattern in the coastal Fars area. Moreover, the effect of change in the thickness of detachment horizon on the folding pattern was evaluated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Evaluation of coastal geomorphologic change in northern coast of Persian Gulf from Kangan Port to Ziyarat Estuary using remote sensing and GIS
hossein taghavi

Coastal geomorphological changes in the short-term and long-term are observable in all coastal areas. The changes occur to reach the balance in this region. Aware of these changes is very important to geomorphologists, environmental planners to help them to solve coasta More

Coastal geomorphological changes in the short-term and long-term are observable in all coastal areas. The changes occur to reach the balance in this region. Aware of these changes is very important to geomorphologists, environmental planners to help them to solve coastal problems. The purpose of this study is to assess the geomorphologic changes occurring in the region of coastal Bushehr Port Kangan place within the Ziarat estuary. In this study multi-temporal satellite images of Landsat were selected as the data base. The principal component analysis and fuzzy logic are used for monitoring and evaluating the geomorphological changes. Results of this research show that during the 21 year research period from 1986 to 2006 most important factor changing landforms and coastline in the region are changes water level of the Persian Gulf that cause to submerged about 46 square kilometers of the region's coastal zone land. The important part of this area is containing spits and low slope and delta. The result of this research can be used for infrastructure projects, port facilities, commercial and military activities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The role of the active tectonics in geomorphic anomalies of Gorgan Rud - Gharasu basin
Agh- Atabai Nemati معصومه روستائی

The study area is located in north of eastern Alborz range. In this study, it was evaluated the pattern of neotectonic in eastern Alborz and the distribution of seismicity and geomorphic pattern of Southern Golestan province. To assess tectonic activities in 22 separat More

The study area is located in north of eastern Alborz range. In this study, it was evaluated the pattern of neotectonic in eastern Alborz and the distribution of seismicity and geomorphic pattern of Southern Golestan province. To assess tectonic activities in 22 separated subbasins, we have analysed neotectonic indices: the stream– gradient index (SL), drainage basin asymmetry (Af), reveres symmetry of topography (T), hypsometric integral (Hi), drainage basin shape (Bs) and mountain front sinuosity (Smf). The results of the analysis is accumulated and expressed as an index of relative active tectonics (Iat), which divided into four classes from relatively low to highest tectonic activity. The high class values of tectonic activity for Iat mainly occur in the south and southwest of the Gorganrud- Gharasu drainage basin, while the rest of the study area has classes of Iat suggesting moderate to low tectonic activity. The rate of tectonic activity in this area will increase from north to south. This increase can be related to the position of peaks steam gradient index along the faults and segment faults. Also value of drainage basin asymmetry is calculated for all of the subcatechments greater or less than 50 that shows tilt for each stream toward West or East. The results of this study show that the distribution of seismicity, geomorphic and tectonic movements of studied area has been affected especially by Khazar and North Alborz faults movement and thrust fault in north of Gorgan. Areas with high tectonic activity and the high measure of tilting indicate that there may be a thrust fault, with a NNE-SSW approximate trend. On the other hand, this seismicity trend may be related to a deep and relatively young thrust splay in north of the Alborz range front. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Analysis of discontinuities situation using Monte Carlo method and comparison its results with Dips software (Case study: Saidi Ornamental Quarry Stone, Kerman)
Hasibi شهرام شفیعی بافتی

Statistical and probabilistic methods to evaluate the uncertainty in the data and the validation of the answers obtained from the calculations are widely used. In this study, Monte Carlo simulation method is used in order to exactly determine the coordinates of the disc More

Statistical and probabilistic methods to evaluate the uncertainty in the data and the validation of the answers obtained from the calculations are widely used. In this study, Monte Carlo simulation method is used in order to exactly determine the coordinates of the discontinuities and the validation of the results of the Dips software calculations. In this method by considering all possible states for variables with estimation of the probability distribution function and the sampling of the variables, the final function was simulated. In this study, the data of discontinuities related to the Saidi ornamental quarry stone are used. In the first step, by the use of the Dips software, major joint sets were identified. Then for calculation of coordinates of joint sets with use of Monte Carlo simulation for each joint set, 50,000 random data of dip and dip direction were simulated. In the final step, the statistical characteristics of dip and dip direction of each joint set were identified by use of simulated data. Finally, the simulation results were compared with the results of Dips software. The results of this study show that the level of accuracy in Dips software for the dip direction of discontinuities is an average of 99.38% and for dip is an average 94.34%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Morphotectonics and Paleoseismology investigation on Sahlan Fault Fragment, NW segment of the North Tabriz Fault
الهه احمدزاده Samane Aliakbar Nazari Talebian Solaymani Azad Marzieh Faridi Masouleh

The North Tabriz Fault is one of the major strike-slip faults (trending NW-SE) in NW Iran, that trends from Sofian to Bostan Abad. Generally, the fault consists of two main fault segments. In present research, to study the last active tectonics at the North Tabriz Fault More

The North Tabriz Fault is one of the major strike-slip faults (trending NW-SE) in NW Iran, that trends from Sofian to Bostan Abad. Generally, the fault consists of two main fault segments. In present research, to study the last active tectonics at the North Tabriz Fault region, evaluated young morphotectonical features and paleoseismology of northwestern fault segment evaluated. On the basis of morphotectonic approaches on this region, horizontal slip last event (MW = 7.4, 1780 AD) are found in the ranges 3.5 ±0.5 m and vertical slip between 0 and 0.5 m. However, by attention to H/V ratio can propose that NW segment of North Tabriz Fault act as pure strike slip which confirm by new GPS data on this part of Iran. On the basis of paleoseismological researchs, by examining a wall perpendicular to the North Tabriz Fault in North Sahlan Village, four old paleoearthquakes with relative magnitude of MW = 6.4 has been detected. A young magnitude of the event, recorded in deposits of the paleoseismologic trench of the study area, close to 7 have been estimated that according to geographic and stratigraphic location, this event can be associated with historical earthquakes since 1780 AD (MW = 7.4). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Diagenesis, microfacies and determination of original carbonate mineralogy of the Asmari Formation in the southern flank of Rig anticline
Kakemem hamid mirmohammadsadeghi

The aim of this study is to recognize diagenetic processes, microfacies and geochemical evidence for original carbonate mineralogy of Oligocene- Miocene Asmari limestone deposited in the Rig anticline at Rig mountain oil field. In this area, the Asmari Formation with a More

The aim of this study is to recognize diagenetic processes, microfacies and geochemical evidence for original carbonate mineralogy of Oligocene- Miocene Asmari limestone deposited in the Rig anticline at Rig mountain oil field. In this area, the Asmari Formation with a thickness of 364 m have been exposed as a sequence of thin, medium, thick, and massive carbonate rocks. Twelve microfacies types have been distinguished on the basis of depositional textures, petrographic analysis and fauna. These carbonate microfacies belong to four major sub-environments including tidal flat, lagoon, bar/ shoal, and open marine. Absence of turbidite deposits, reefal belt and gradual changes in facies indicated that the Asmari Formation was deposited in a homoclinal carbonate ramp environment. The main diagenetic processes includes: dolomitization, cementation, micritization, dissolution, and compaction. Petrographic evidence and variation of major and minor element and compare this information with modern aragonite warm water and calcitic cool to cold temperate carbonate and originally aragonite mineralogy of Ordovician sub-tropical carbonate, the calcite mineralogy of Permian sub-polar cold water of Tasmania, the Upper Jurassic aragonite Mozduran limestone, the Ilam carbonate formation, and the Fahliyan Formation indicate that original carbonate mineralogy was aragonite in the Asmari Formation. High Sr/Na ratio suggests original aragonite mineralogy. Variation of Sr and Na values versus Mn confirm replacement of aragonite by calcite during the two stages of diagenetic stabilization. The bivariate plot of Sr/Ca versus Mn shows that Asmari limestone have been influenced by meteoric diagenesis in a closed to semi-closed diagenetic system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Structural analysis of elevated Sabzkuh syncline in High Zagros
yasser narimani Elham Asadi Mehmandosti

High Zagros zone located in the northeast of Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt and comprises of NW-trending thrust faults. In Sabzkuh area, these thrust faults as forethrust and backthrust have accompanied with positive and negative triangle zones. These zones cause formation of More

High Zagros zone located in the northeast of Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt and comprises of NW-trending thrust faults. In Sabzkuh area, these thrust faults as forethrust and backthrust have accompanied with positive and negative triangle zones. These zones cause formation of the elevated Sabzkuh syncline on the hanging wall of the Dopoulan and Solaghan-Avardegan Fault as well as the Choghakhor embayment at footwalls of the Main Zagros and Solaghan-Avardegan faults. The horizontal bedding in the Ilam-Sarvak formations in the main faults footwall can be used as an evidence for the formation of the embayment. The elevated Sabzkuh syncline is associated with accommodation of limb wedge thrusts on the fold limbs. These structures show complexity of thrust faults geometry in the high Zagros and imply their initiation from the detachment horizons within the Lower Paleozoic/Hormoz Formation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Seismic hazard assessment of the city of Khoy using deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis approaches
Nasim Rahmani Abasfam

Construction of new cities or development of old towns in an area requires geological and geophysical (seismic) studies. The city of Khoy is one of the developing cities that have to be study. Therefore, the Deterministic and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA More

Construction of new cities or development of old towns in an area requires geological and geophysical (seismic) studies. The city of Khoy is one of the developing cities that have to be study. Therefore, the Deterministic and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA and PSHA) approaches have been used to assess seismic hazards and earthquake risk in the city. For this purpose, analyses have been carried out considering historic and instrumented earthquakes, geologic and seismotectonic parameters of the region covering a radius of 100 km with the city of Khoy in the center. Therefore, the main faults and fault zones in the study area were studied and length and distance of each fault from the center of the city of Khoy was calculated. At the next step, the Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) have been measured using both DSHA and PSHA approaches and also equations presented by different researchers. DSHA Results show that the MCE and PGA values are 6.5 and 0.31g, respectively. PSHA results indicated that the MCE evaluated value is 6.1 for a 0.64 probability in a 50-years period. The period of this earthquake is 110 years and its probability will be 0.009 per a year. The occurrence probability of earthquakes with magnitude equal or greater than 7.1 is 10% and for earthquakes with magnitude equal or greater than 6.3 is 50% for the study area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Rock typing in Asmari Formation using hydraulic flow unit concept, with an impact on Ahvaz Sandstone Member in Mansouri Oilfield
مسلم خداویسی Kavianpour-Sangenoo Namdarian Seyed Reza Moussavi-Harami Mahbobi Kadkhodaei Davood Fereidooni

The Asmari Formation (Oligocene-Miocene) is one of the most importance reservoir rocks in the Zagros Basin. This formation in the Mansouri Oilfield is composed of the mixture of silisiclastic - carbonate deposits which silisiclastic deposits are known as the Ahwaz Sands More

The Asmari Formation (Oligocene-Miocene) is one of the most importance reservoir rocks in the Zagros Basin. This formation in the Mansouri Oilfield is composed of the mixture of silisiclastic - carbonate deposits which silisiclastic deposits are known as the Ahwaz Sandstone Member. Rock typing is a process in which geological facies determined with their dynamic behavior. Each flow unit is related to flow zone indicator, thus zoning of a reservoir using of flow zone indicators and identification of Flow units can be used to evaluate the reservoir quality based on relationship between porosity and permeability. To evaluate the reservoir quality and determining spatial distribution of petro-physical indexes in the Asmari Formation Sandstone, porosity-permeability relationship as well as their relationship with the rock types is used and finally Flow Units and Rock Types have been identified. In this study, the Asmari Formation Sandstone is divided into four flow units A, B, C and D. Within recognized flow units, flow unit C is the best one in the terms of reservoir quality and flow unit D also has a good reservoir quality. Comparison of determined flow units with porosity logs (neutron, density and sonic), it is observed that sandstone successions of Asmari reservoir affected by diagenetic processes like fracturing, dissolution, dolomitic cementation and hydrocarbon migration before cementation and flow units C and D are more extended, so porosity logs show good reservoir quality in this interval of Asmari succession. Thus it can be deduced that using hydraulic flow units, we can determine rock types groups in wells with core and then extrapolate the results into uncored wells. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - ‍Calcareous algae of the Shah Kuh Formation (Early Cretaceous) in southwest of Khur (Central Iran)
hamid mirmohammadsadeghi Adabi

A complete succession of the Shah Kuh Formation with the age of Early Cretaceous is exposed in southwest of Khur, in Central Iran. In order to study and describe calcareous algae the Shah Kuh Formation a stratigraphic section was selected, sampled and studied in Kuh- e More

A complete succession of the Shah Kuh Formation with the age of Early Cretaceous is exposed in southwest of Khur, in Central Iran. In order to study and describe calcareous algae the Shah Kuh Formation a stratigraphic section was selected, sampled and studied in Kuh- e Tangal- e Bala, 80 Km southwest of Khur city. Association of calcareous algae consist of Delloffrella quercifoliipora belongs to Triploporellaceae, Montiella elitzae, Neomeris cretacea, Salpingoporella sp. and Terquemella sp. related to Dasycladacea and Permocalculus cf. minutus belongs to Gymnocodiacea. Also 2 genera of Udoteaceae (Arabicodium and Boueina) and 1 species of Solenoporaceae (Marinella Lugeoni) were identified. A species of algae ascribed to uncertain affinities (Lithocodium aggregatum) accompanied by skeletal fragments of colonial octocorals were identified in this research. In studied microfacies, ‍calcareous algae were observed in sediments of lagoon and bar environments. Based on ‍calcareous algae and benthic foraminifera association, the age of Late Barremian- Early Aptian was assigned for the succession of the Shah Kuh Formation in studied section. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Evaluation of Geological Engineering features of north Kalaleh Loess deposits at Golestan province with special attitude on the collapsibility and erodibility
Nikodel Omid Ali Kharazmi

Loess is a particular type of silty soils with porous structure and weak cohesion which has been deposited over different periods of Quaternary. From the geological engineering view points, these soils are problematic ones whose main geological engineering feature of th More

Loess is a particular type of silty soils with porous structure and weak cohesion which has been deposited over different periods of Quaternary. From the geological engineering view points, these soils are problematic ones whose main geological engineering feature of these soils is their erodibility and collapsibility. Loess soils are the main deposits cover north of Golestan province. These soils have spread across 4200 square kilometers. In this study, in order to examine and identify the loessic soils, undisturbed samples were collected and transferred to the lab and then Atterberg limit, specific gravity, grading, percentage of lime, specific density, rate of consolidation, and shear strength parameters were determined. Soil collapsibility was also determined using the results of the double oedometer tests. According to the unified standard, these soils are categorized in CL and ML groups. Furthermore, based on Clevenger classification, they are placed in the category of clayey loess and silty loess. The amount of calcium carbonate in these soils ranges from 12 to 22.3 percent and demonstrates low shear strength parameters in saturated condition. The double oedometer tests results demonstrate that the soils are prone to collapsibility. The results of soil dispersion tests reveal that the depression, which is due to the presence of sodium carbonate, does not have any influence on erosion of mentioned soils; therefore the high erodibility of these soils is basically a mechanical phenomenon which can be attributed to special texture and grading of loesses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Determination of the sequence stratigraphy boundaries by combining the wavelet analysis of wire line data - case study in South Pars field
علي خوبياري دکتر اسماعیل کلانتری Charchi Keshavarzi

Nowadays, wavelet analysis has many applications to identify and analyze the transient boundaries and waves, such as image borders and earthquake waves. Detection of discontinuities in the sedimentary sequences and identifying the boundaries of sequence stratigraphic su More

Nowadays, wavelet analysis has many applications to identify and analyze the transient boundaries and waves, such as image borders and earthquake waves. Detection of discontinuities in the sedimentary sequences and identifying the boundaries of sequence stratigraphic surfaces are one of those applications. In this study, wavelet analysis was used to analyze wirline logs data, such as GR, NPHI, RHOB, RHOZ, THOR / URAN and multimin data such as anhydrite percentage volume, in which the data vary in sequence boundaries. Different types of sequence boundaries impact on different types of logs. The wireline logs are affected by structural and lithological changes; thus, we cannot identify those boundaries using a kind of correlation coefficients. In this study, a combination of coefficients for the wireline logs is used. This combination offers a good way to automatically determine the borders fairly accurate. The best results are obtained from the coefficients combination of GR, NPHI, RHOB (RHOZ) logs and the anhydrite percentage volume multimin, and also, the coefficients combination of GR, NPHI, RHOB (RHOZ) logs and thorium to uranium ratio (THOR / URAN) graphs. Comparison between the results of this study in Kangan and Dalan formations of South Pars gas field with the other proved methods show the capability of this technique in combination of data. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Factors controlling different types of anhydrite textures and their relation to reservoir quality in the Asmari reservoir in Ahvaz oil field
نسترن آزادبخت

Various diagenetic processes have affected reservoir quality of the Asmari Formation in Ahvaz Oil Field in wells No. 19 with a thickness of 357 meters. It is composed of limestone dolomite, dolomitic limestone, sandy dolomitic limestone, sandstone, siltstone and sha More

Various diagenetic processes have affected reservoir quality of the Asmari Formation in Ahvaz Oil Field in wells No. 19 with a thickness of 357 meters. It is composed of limestone dolomite, dolomitic limestone, sandy dolomitic limestone, sandstone, siltstone and shale. Study of 1100 thin sections from available cores at this well as well as the well’s numeral data, porosity and permeability of cores, indicates that the most important diagenetic processes is anhydritic cement with different types of textures. It appears as poikilotopic, porefilling and pervasive, nodular, fracture filling, sparce crystals, and evaporite veins. During different steps of diagenesis, these texture show replacement and pore filling porosity that have affected different facies to some degrees. Results of this study show that anhydrite cement occurs mainly in dolomitic and sandstone facies and to some extent, affected the reservoir quality. This is due to the effect of sulphate rich brines during dolomitization. Where the presence of anhydrite cements in limestone facies is sparse and rare, it has little effect on reservoir quality. However, pore filling and pervasive anhydrite texture filling all pore-space in dolograinstone and dolopackstone grain-supported facies during shallow burial intensively reduced reservoir quality. Dissolution of cements at later stage of diagenetic processes (creating secondary porosity) improved reservoir quality. In addition, solution of texture poikilotopic anhydrite in sandstone facies and repercipitated as patchy anhydrite with poikilotopic texture, results in reduction of porosity but it doesn’t make any changes in throat pores. Hence patchy anhydrite with poikilotopic texture that reduces porosity converts the sample from Lucias class 2 to class 1. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Investigation of source region properties of alkaline basic rocks in the base of Shemshak Formation in the eastern Alborz zone
Habibollah Ghasemi

The alkaline basic rocks in the base of Shemshak Formation scattered mainly as intrusive and occasionally as extrusive, in some areas of the eastern Alborz zone. Their petrological compositions range from olivine gabbro to monzonite in intrusives and are olivine bas More

The alkaline basic rocks in the base of Shemshak Formation scattered mainly as intrusive and occasionally as extrusive, in some areas of the eastern Alborz zone. Their petrological compositions range from olivine gabbro to monzonite in intrusives and are olivine basalt in extrusives. Intracontinental settings of these rocks have been confirmed in various tectonomagmatic diagrams. Geochemical and petrogenetical investigations show the magma forming of these rocks, originated from 10-15 percentages partial melting of an enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle source with garnet-lherzolitic composition. This alkaline magma has been formed at 25-30 kbar pressures in 90-100 km depths and contaminated by continental rocks in small amounts, during rising and emplacement. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Origin and tectonic environtment of Tertiary volcanic rocks of Damash area in Guilan province(North of Iran)
Mohammad Hosein Mokhtari

Tertiary volcanic rocks of Damash area have outcraps about 70km for from east of Roudbar in Guilan province. From geochemical Point of view negative anomaly of P, Ba,Zr ,Ti ,Ta ,Nb and positive anomaly of K,Th,Pb,Rb indicate crustal contamination. The ratios of (T More

Tertiary volcanic rocks of Damash area have outcraps about 70km for from east of Roudbar in Guilan province. From geochemical Point of view negative anomaly of P, Ba,Zr ,Ti ,Ta ,Nb and positive anomaly of K,Th,Pb,Rb indicate crustal contamination. The ratios of (Tb/Yb)N,Nb/Yb,Zr/Yb,Zr/Y,Zr/Nb,Y/Nb show that the MORB-like depleted mantle source with Spinel Facies. Study of the rang of incompatible elements pattern and compare with the crustal data range and incompatible elements ratios show that the volcanic rocks have been concerned to intra-continental rift magmatism wich are contaminated with continental crust. As a result of the crustal contamination, the original geochemical properties of the volcanic rocks were changed untruthly subduction zones geochemical features. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Synthesis of smart nanoparticles polymer for extraction of phenoxy acid herbicides from water samples
Majid Tashi Gholam Abbas Fanaei Kheirabad sogol mirzaei Mehrdad pakzad Oskooi noorbakhsh Mirzaei Heydariyan Dehkordi هادی تابانی

Due to their high polarity andsolubility in water these acidic herbicides can be released from harvest fields and therefore pollute surface and ground waters. The World Health Organization (WHO) regulations set 70 ng mL−1 as the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of phenox More

Due to their high polarity andsolubility in water these acidic herbicides can be released from harvest fields and therefore pollute surface and ground waters. The World Health Organization (WHO) regulations set 70 ng mL−1 as the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of phenoxy acid herbicidesin drinking water [2]. Therefore, the presence of these chemicals inwater sources is highly objectionable for human and animal consumption. Due to the fact that the major sources of drinking water are ground water and river water, monitoring the acidic and polar herbicides in these water sources is quite necessary. Therefore, in this study, we focused on introducing a novel microgel sorbent in which the adsorption and desorption of analytes are controlled only by changing the pH value of the sample. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on employing a pH-sensitive magnetic microgel as a new sorbent. In order to increase the adsorption efficiency and rapidly separatethe sorbent from the sample matrix by an external magnetic field, microgel was grafted on magnetic nanoparticles. Finally, the optimized procedure was employed to determine these phenoxy acid herbicides in river water samples. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Evaluation of the environmental impacts of ore by means of pastakia method (case study: bafgh north anomaly iron ore)
Lamberini Papadopoulou Mohammad reza Elmi Ali reza ehsanzadeh سجاد بهرامی

Evaluating the environmental effects is one of the appropriate ways to achieve the sustainable development that can be considered as a planning tool for managers and programmers. The environmental impacts of Bafgh Anomaly Iron ore have been studied. In this regard, the More

Evaluating the environmental effects is one of the appropriate ways to achieve the sustainable development that can be considered as a planning tool for managers and programmers. The environmental impacts of Bafgh Anomaly Iron ore have been studied. In this regard, the most important environmental and economical-social factors that are influenced by project were identified by preparing the checklist from experts and proficient’s opinions. Subsequently, based on the Pastakia matrix method, the environmental impact assessment of project was carried out in both construction and exploitation steps. Results show that 2 positive medium effects, 1 positive low effect, 4 positive negligible effects, 7 negative negligible effects, 2 negative low effects and 3 negative medium effects are observed in environments in structural step, while 2 positive medium effects, 2 positive low effects, 3 positive negligible effects, 5 negative negligible effects, 2 negative low effects and 3 negative medium effects exist in exploitation step. Also, the environmental management and monitoring was prepared for all divisions, so that, in physical division, the air, soil and sound parameters should be continuously measured, in biological division, diversity, density, regeneration and migration of and fauna and flora should be controlled seasonally, and also the leakage and dispersion of sewages and wastes and dusts should be continuously monitored. About natural events, crisis management and risk evaluation should be done seasonally. Also, Public contribution and attaining satisfaction of society and their continuous notification and increasing the environmental knowledge of staff should be performed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Periodical effects of land uses on water quality of Zrebar Lake
Majid Delavar Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan سمیه ایمانی امیرآباد

The entrance of nutrients and sediments to the water resources has become a challenge in water quality management. Accordingly, identifying main polluting sources and estimating total loads discharged to the surface waters are indispensable for simulation and management More

The entrance of nutrients and sediments to the water resources has become a challenge in water quality management. Accordingly, identifying main polluting sources and estimating total loads discharged to the surface waters are indispensable for simulation and management. The purpose of this study is to use Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to estimate nitrogen and phosphor loads discharging to the Zrebar Lake. In addition, it is intended to identify the effects of land uses and variations of time and spatial pattern of discharges. Currently, this lake contains fresh water and is used for recreational purposes while tackles with eutrophication problem because of agricultural activities. Regarding the results, the irrigated farmlands have the highest nitrogen discharge on June and August while it is on May for phosphorous. For dry crops, the highest value of nitrogen and phosphorous loads respectively belong to October and September. These are attributed to the way farms are irrigated and the amounts of fertilizers applied. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Study of North West Sedimentary Basin of Iran by 3D Modeling of Gravity Data
Mojtaba Tavakoli Ali nejati

Inversion of the gravity data is one of the most interesting numerical tools for obtaining three dimensional geological images. In this paper 3D nonlinear inversion of the gravity data is used to determine the basement topography. The basement was juxtaposed with the re More

Inversion of the gravity data is one of the most interesting numerical tools for obtaining three dimensional geological images. In this paper 3D nonlinear inversion of the gravity data is used to determine the basement topography. The basement was juxtaposed with the regular array of rectangular prisms in which the thickness of each prism is determined by the inversion procedures. Prepared algorithm is based on singular value decomposition (SVD) method which ca modify the initial model by comparing observed and estimated gravity data. The SVD method is very popular with geophysical data analysts because it is mathematically robust and numerically stable. To illustrate effectiveness of the prepared codes and algorithm related to 3D inversion of gravity data, both synthetic and real data were tested by the mentioned algorithm. The real data were part of the gravity data which were acquired in Moghan area (located in the north-west of Iran). Because of being near to the Baku oil-rich regions and thick sedimentary rocks, the Moghan sedimentary basin is an interesting area from hydrocarbon exploration point of view. Determination of the sedimentary rocks thickness is an important factor in oil and gas exploration issues. The main goal of 3D inversion of the gravity data in the study area is to determine basement the sedimentary rocks thicknesses or the boundary of Ojagh-Gheslagh Formation and its volcanic basement. The modeled boundary of Ojagh-Gheshlagh Formation and its volcanic basement which is obtained by the inversion of gravity data, was previously confirmed by interpretation of seismic data. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Study of mineralization and origin of Pliocene conglomerate hosted strata bound sedimentary Cu mineralization in the Ghareh-Aghaj, Maku
Mehadi Moradi Maghfouri Moaid Ashrati

The study area is located in the Northwest of Iran and North of Khoy Ophiolite Belt. Rocks of the Ghareh-Aghaj region include Qum formation, Upper Red Formation and Pliocene conglomerate. Pliocene rock units consist of siltstone, sandstone (arkose and lithic arenite) an More

The study area is located in the Northwest of Iran and North of Khoy Ophiolite Belt. Rocks of the Ghareh-Aghaj region include Qum formation, Upper Red Formation and Pliocene conglomerate. Pliocene rock units consist of siltstone, sandstone (arkose and lithic arenite) and microconglomerate- conglomerate. Pliocene cicroconglomerate- conglomerate hosted strata bound copper mineralization in the Ghareh Aghaj region, but the mineralization is partially seen in the sandstone unit. Much of the mineralization in the study area is open space filling and disseminated. Ore mineralogy of Ghareh-Aghaj is very simple and contains of native copper, cuprite and tenorite. Lack of copper sulfides, the absence of plant fossils as reducing agent, and the non-occurrence of copper replacement instead of plant tissues, occurance of mineralization as the open space filling and cement grain and formation of native copper as the main ore, all represent the dissimilarity of Ghareh-Aghaj Cu mineralization with Redbed type sedimentary copper deposits. Formation of Ghareh-Aghaj copper deposit can be explained as follows: Pore water formation of diagenetic processes within the Upper Red Formation caused the leaching of copper from this sequence and the formation of copper chloride complexes. Increasing of water table caused the development of reducing conditions in the Pliocene conglomerate. Therefore entrance of Copper-bearing fluids caused native copper deposition below the water table. Decreasing of groundwater table and exposure of native copper to the oxidizing conditions caused the replacement of cuprite, malachite and azurite with native copper. Manuscript profile

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22 - Water/Rock interaction in Panah-Kuh skarn using carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in different calcite types, west of Yazd
Azam Zahedi Mohammad Boomeri

The Panah-Kuh calcic and magnesian skarns are located about 50km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province. Intrusion of Panah-Kuh granodiorite stock with an Oligocene-Miocene age into limestone-dolomite rocks of the Jamal Formation led to the formation of calcic and magn More

The Panah-Kuh calcic and magnesian skarns are located about 50km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province. Intrusion of Panah-Kuh granodiorite stock with an Oligocene-Miocene age into limestone-dolomite rocks of the Jamal Formation led to the formation of calcic and magnesian skarn in the Panah-Kuh district. Values of δ18O of the granitic rocks and δ18O and δ13C values of the calcite types were determined in this study. Based on these data, δ18O and δ13C values in the studied calcite types are lower than those of sedimentary calcites. These isotopic variations are mainly produced by infiltration of magmatic fluids into carbonate rocks in the Panah-Kuh deposit. Depletetion of the δ18O and δ13C value in the calcite types of Panah-Kuh skarn can be explained by magmatic fluids interaction (δ18O =11.0‰) that interacted with unaltered limestone rocks at 350-450oC with X(〖CO〗_2 ) = 0.05 and water/rock ratio of 25 to 50% . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Water/Rock interaction in Panah-Kuh skarn using carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in different calcite types, west of Yazd
Azam Zahedi Mohammad Boomeri

The Panah-Kuh calcic and magnesian skarns are located about 50km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province. Intrusion of Panah-Kuh granodiorite stock with an Oligocene-Miocene age into limestone-dolomite rocks of the Jamal Formation led to the formation of calcic and magn More

The Panah-Kuh calcic and magnesian skarns are located about 50km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province. Intrusion of Panah-Kuh granodiorite stock with an Oligocene-Miocene age into limestone-dolomite rocks of the Jamal Formation led to the formation of calcic and magnesian skarn in the Panah-Kuh district. Values of δ18O of the granitic rocks and δ18O and δ13C values of the calcite types were determined in this study. Based on these data, δ18O and δ13C values in the studied calcite types are lower than those of sedimentary calcites. These isotopic variations are mainly produced by infiltration of magmatic fluids into carbonate rocks in the Panah-Kuh deposit. Depletetion of the δ18O and δ13C value in the calcite types of Panah-Kuh skarn can be explained by magmatic fluids interaction (δ18O =11.0‰) that interacted with unaltered limestone rocks at 350-450oC with X(〖CO〗_2 ) = 0.05 and water/rock ratio of 25 to 50% . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Water/Rock interaction in Panah-Kuh skarn using carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in different calcite types, west of Yazd
Azam Zahedi Mohammad Boomei

The Panah-Kuh calcic and magnesian skarns are located about 50km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province. Intrusion of Panah-Kuh granodiorite stock with an Oligocene-Miocene age into limestone-dolomite rocks of the Jamal Formation led to the formation of calcic and magn More

The Panah-Kuh calcic and magnesian skarns are located about 50km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province. Intrusion of Panah-Kuh granodiorite stock with an Oligocene-Miocene age into limestone-dolomite rocks of the Jamal Formation led to the formation of calcic and magnesian skarn in the Panah-Kuh district. Values of δ18O of the granitic rocks and δ18O and δ13C values of the calcite types were determined in this study. Based on these data, δ18O and δ13C values in the studied calcite types are lower than those of sedimentary calcites. These isotopic variations are mainly produced by infiltration of magmatic fluids into carbonate rocks in the Panah-Kuh deposit. Depletetion of the δ18O and δ13C value in the calcite types of Panah-Kuh skarn can be explained by magmatic fluids interaction (δ18O =11.0‰) that interacted with unaltered limestone rocks at 350-450oC with X(〖CO〗_2 ) = 0.05 and water/rock ratio of 25 to 50% . Manuscript profile

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25 - Investigation of geochemistry of minor and trace elements (rare earths) in the base metal vein mineralization Yaralujeh area (NW Ahar - East Azarbaijan)
Zohreh Jabarzadeh Mehadi Moradi Moayyed Zargar Faramarzi

The Yaralujeh vein index is located about 40 km NW of Ahar, East Azarbaijan. Based on geochemical studies, the original host rock is microdioritic in composition with calc – alkaline character, situated in an active continental margin volcanic arc. The mineralization i More

The Yaralujeh vein index is located about 40 km NW of Ahar, East Azarbaijan. Based on geochemical studies, the original host rock is microdioritic in composition with calc – alkaline character, situated in an active continental margin volcanic arc. The mineralization is occurred as disseminated, stockwork and veins - veinlets containing quartz, carbonate and sulfide minerals in altered subvolcanic rocks (microdiorite). Pyrite, sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite are the most important sulfide minerals in this area. The most important alerations in this area are sericitic and carbonatization, and the main alteration minerals are quartz, sericite, illite, albite, kaolinite, leucoxene, pyrite and late carbonates. Bivariate diagrams of Ba + Sr vs. Ce + Y + La and Zr vs. TiO2 and also values less than one for TiO2 indicate a hypogenic origin for altered fluids. The spider diagrams of REEs, normalized to both chondrite and average upper continental crust, show differentiation of LREE from HREE and depletion of LREE relative to average upper continental crust. Based on geochemical indicators such as Hf / Sm, Nb / La and Th / La and LREE enriched relative to the HREE, the most important ion complexes transition metal are Cl- complexes. Ce, Eu and Pr (Eu/Eu*, Ce/Ce*, Pr/Pr*) anomalies in ore-bearing vein and host rock indicates near-neutral pH in a redox environment for the alteration fluids in Yaralujeh Index. Manuscript profile

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26 - Lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Asmari Formation in southern flank of Mish anticline (Tang-e-Ganaveh)
Farzad Moradi Abbas Sadeghi Hasan Amiri Bakhtiar

The Asmari Formation in the southern flank of Mish anticline (in the north of Gachsaran) with a total thickness of 366 m is mainly composed of medium to thick limestone layers. Based on lithological studies, it is mainly composed of a periodic arrangement of marly lime More

The Asmari Formation in the southern flank of Mish anticline (in the north of Gachsaran) with a total thickness of 366 m is mainly composed of medium to thick limestone layers. Based on lithological studies, it is mainly composed of a periodic arrangement of marly limestone with very thick, thick and medium bedded limestone layers and in some parts it consists of dolomitic layers. The lower contact of the Asmari Formation with Pabdeh Formation is gradual and its upper contact with the Gachsaran Formation is conformable with some sharp lithological changes. Based on change in thickness of layers, color and lithology, this carbonate sequence is subdivided into three lithological units. In Biostratigraphic studies, 28 species belonging to 41 genera of foraminifera were recognized. According to recognized biozone and foraminifera assemblages, 4 biozones and one undetermined zone were classified according to Laursen et al., 2009. The age of the Asmari Formation in this section is Oligocene (Rupelian-Chatian) to Early Miocene (Aquitanian-Bourdigalian). Manuscript profile

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27 - Identification of Takab geothermal system reservoir by using gravity method
Mohammad Mohammadzadeh Moghaddam Javad Nouraliee Soheil Porkhial لیلا ابراهیمی Saba Moradalivand

The presence of hot springs, travertine outcrops, hydrothermal altered area and active tectonic in the north-east of Takab city in the West Azarbayjan province indicate that there is a geothermal system in the area. In order to characterize the geological structures ass More

The presence of hot springs, travertine outcrops, hydrothermal altered area and active tectonic in the north-east of Takab city in the West Azarbayjan province indicate that there is a geothermal system in the area. In order to characterize the geological structures associated to the geothermal system in the region, a gravity survey was carried out in 140 stations which covered an area about 600 km2. Necessary modifications such as Bouguer, topography and free air were applied over data to obtain complete Bouguer anomaly field. Then, residual gravity anomaly field was calculated by subtracting the regional gravity field from complete Bouguer field. The regional gravity field was calculated by fitting a three-order polynomials surface over the complete Bouguer field. The calculated residual gravity map shows two negative anomaly zones (A1 and A2) in the study area. In geothermal exploration, negative gravity anomalies are considered as probable reservoir of geothermal systems. The horizontal and vertical derivative maps show complicated fracture zones in the study area. To obtain more information, the depth estimation carried out using Euler method. Estimated depth for the top of negative anomaly source in zone 1 is between 1000 and 2000 m. Finally, 3D inversion of the data was performed using Li and Oldenburg algorithm to show an image of the reservoir in the depth. The results of 3D inversion show a significant negative density contrast that occurred only in zone 1. Therefore, the reservoir of the Takab geothermal system is located in the depths between 3000 and 5000 m in A1 anomaly zone. Manuscript profile

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28 - Introduction of Mari Copper Deposit as a Stratabound Manto-Type Copper Deposit in Tarom Zone, Northwest of Iran
Mehadi Moradi Sajad Maghfori Mohsen Moayyed Vahid Faridasl

Similar to other deposits of this type in the world, three major stages could be considered for mineralization in Mari copper deposit. The Mari Copper deposit is located in the northwest of Iran and Tarom metallogenic zone in the north of Zanjan. The ore-body is strata- More

Similar to other deposits of this type in the world, three major stages could be considered for mineralization in Mari copper deposit. The Mari Copper deposit is located in the northwest of Iran and Tarom metallogenic zone in the north of Zanjan. The ore-body is strata-bound and hosted by the Eocene mega-porphyritic andesites. The major copper sulfides are bornite, chalcocite, and chalcopyrite associated mainly with pyrite that represent open-space filling, disseminated, vein-veinlet, and replacement textures. The volcanic rocks of the study area mostly represent intermediate to acidic composition with high potassium shoshonitic magmatic series related to intra-arc rift environments. Wall rock alterations include carbonatization, chloritization, epidotization, and sericitization. The abundances of Cu and Ag in fresh mega-porphyritic andesite are up to 3200 and 216 ppm respectively. Based on the main characteristics of Mari ore body such as tectonic setting, host rock, strata-bound form, mineralogy, metal content, and wall rock alterations and comparison of these features with Manto - type copper deposits, Mari Cu deposit can be introduced as a Manto -type Cu deposit in NW Iran. The first stage includes submarine volcanic activity and eruption of mega-porphyritic andesitic lava associated with regional propylitic alteration. In the second stage, the early diagenesis and the activity of sulfate-reducing micro-organisms resulted in the generation of pyrite in the form of open-space filling and disseminated in the mega-porphyritic andesite. Finally, in the third stage, increasing of the thickness of sediments, basin subsidence, and burial diagenesis accompanied with the entry of metal-rich fluids into the reduced host rock, caused the replacement of the first stage pyrites by copper sulfides and mineralization in the Mari deposit. Manuscript profile

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29 - The Effect of uplift rate on geomorphic indices: insight to Misho Complex NW Iran
Mehdi Behyari Mohammad Mohajjal Mohsen Moayyed Mahnaz Rezaeiyan

The Misho Mountain is a prominent topographic feature in the North-West of Iran. This mountain is bounded with series of major active faults. Spatial array of these faults caused an uplift in the study area, and exposure of Kahar Formation in the core of the mountain. T More

The Misho Mountain is a prominent topographic feature in the North-West of Iran. This mountain is bounded with series of major active faults. Spatial array of these faults caused an uplift in the study area, and exposure of Kahar Formation in the core of the mountain. The active deformation affected topographic feature and changed the uplift rate. In this research we tried to quantify variation of uplift rate by using geomorphic indices and thermochronometry data. The analysis of stream length gradient, mountain front morphology, valley shape, and basin morphology indicated that uplift rate decreased from North to South and West to East. Hypsometric integral, which was calculated for the northern and southern flanks of Misho Mountain, also shows mature stage for the Southern flank, but in the Northern Misho tectonic activity increased and consequent;y show unstable state. Comparing between maximum and minimum swath profile in the west, central and east Misho indicated that in the west Misho the min and max swath profile indicate greater difference and show rapid uplift in the west Misho. Thermochronologic data show that rapid exhumation commenced by 21-22 Ma (Miocene), and an uplift rate of 0.16 to 0.24 Km/Ma was estimated. We propose that the range might be exhumed diachronously along strike and the magnitude of exhumation decreases to the ESE. This result is supported by structural and stratighraphy of study area. Manuscript profile

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30 - Mineral chemistry and P-T estimation of formation of garnetschist Mount Argon (west of Angoran Mine)
Moazzen Izadyar

The Mount Argon garnet schists contain mineral assemblages of quartz, feldspar, mica and garnet. The chemical composition of, plagioclase, biotite, muscovite and garnet in the studied sample shows that plagioclases are albite-rich, white mica flakes are rich in muscovit More

The Mount Argon garnet schists contain mineral assemblages of quartz, feldspar, mica and garnet. The chemical composition of, plagioclase, biotite, muscovite and garnet in the studied sample shows that plagioclases are albite-rich, white mica flakes are rich in muscovite end-member, phlogopite-annite is the dominant constituent in biotite and chemical composition of the analysed garnets shows that they are almandine and spessartine-rich. Maximum and minimum pressure and temperature of the studied rocks were estimated by using common calculation methods. The minimum and maximum temperature of metamorphism was calculated using Mg-Fe exchange between garnet and biotite. Considering a nominal pressure of 4 kbar, the highest calculated temperature was 615C and the lowest temperature was 380C. These were 644C and 392C for pressure of 8 kbar respectively. Also using multi-equilibria calculations, temperature of 800C and pressure of 9kbar were obtained for the peak of the metamorphism and temperature of 450C and pressure of 7kbar was calculated for the lower part of the metamorphism. . Two phases of metamorphism and deformation affected these rocks. The second deformation was associated with the peak of metamorphism. A decrease in temperature about 351°C with reduced pressure of about 2 Kbars is observed in the metapelitic rocks. Manuscript profile

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31 - Petrography, geochemistry and mineralization of volcanic rock in Sistanak area (South East Qaen)
Hojat Mahvelati Rasa Ida Mohebbi

Sistank copper deposit is geographically located in East and South-East city of Qain. In general, copper range in Sistanak is in East Central Zone, part of which is located in the Filishy zone and another part in the Lut Block. The stratigraphy in the study area have More

Sistank copper deposit is geographically located in East and South-East city of Qain. In general, copper range in Sistanak is in East Central Zone, part of which is located in the Filishy zone and another part in the Lut Block. The stratigraphy in the study area have shown that old rocks than the Jurassic age in the study area. According to petrographic studies, the volcanic rocks are divided into two groups of lavas (andesite and andesite -basalt) and pyroclastics (tuff and agglomerate). These rocks are placed in a class of high potassium calc-alkaline and calc-alkaline. According to chemical composition, volcanic rocks occur in andesite and andesite-basalts range. Copper is the main mineral in andesitic lavas, including native copper, chalcocite and malachite. In addition, in some samples the iron oxide minerals such as hematite and, gotite are presant. Mineralized zone is placed at the highest level of volcanic lava and the mineral is stratabound. Such characteristics, are indicative of epigenetic in origin. According to geological characteristics and based on geological and mineralogical charactristis, copper deposits in Sistanak is probably similar to Michigan type deposits. Manuscript profile

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32 - Metamorphic evolution and thermodynamic conditions Of Halab-Mianaj metamorphic crosse section based on mineral chemistry
Mahbobeh Jamshidibadr Golzar Faraji Shahryar Mahmoudi

Halab-Mianaj metamorphic area is part of Takab Precambrian metamorphic complex that exposed in north-west of Iran. Halab-Mianaj cross section included a group of metamorphic rocks that have been metamorphosed in the greenschist and amphibolite facies. Garnet porphyro More

Halab-Mianaj metamorphic area is part of Takab Precambrian metamorphic complex that exposed in north-west of Iran. Halab-Mianaj cross section included a group of metamorphic rocks that have been metamorphosed in the greenschist and amphibolite facies. Garnet porphyroblasts chemical composition in garnet schist rocks is in almandine range. Amphibole composition in Amphibole schist and meta-diorite rocks are calcic and are changed from actinolite to magnesio hornblende. Chemical compositions of the Plagioclase crystals are between albite to oligoclase range. The maximum temperature for garnet schist rocks based on Grt-Bt thermometer determined 552°C that indicates epidote-amphibolite facies. Temperature and pressure metamorphic in the amphibole schist and meta-diorite based on amph-plag thermobarometer determined about 420 - 487°C and 3.9 - 6.7 K-bar that shows the beginning amphibolite facies. Therefore, the geothermal gradient bases on Halab-Mianaj metamorphic rocks with different protolith approximately are 30 ± 1° C/km. Manuscript profile

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33 - Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the Shirinabad clay-bauxite deposit, south-east of Gorgan
Zahra Moridi

The Shirinabad clay-bauxite deposit with more than 1 km long and about 8 m in thickness is located in 60 km south-east of Gorgan. The Shirinabad deposit has been developed as a stratiform horizon along the contact zone of Triassic dolomitic limestones and Jurassic sh More

The Shirinabad clay-bauxite deposit with more than 1 km long and about 8 m in thickness is located in 60 km south-east of Gorgan. The Shirinabad deposit has been developed as a stratiform horizon along the contact zone of Triassic dolomitic limestones and Jurassic shales and sandstones. The basal contact zone of the horizon is mainly undulatory, whereas the upper contact zone is concordant with the hanging-wall shales and sandstones. The rocks within the horizon show pelitomorphic, microgranular, oolitic and pisolitic textures. Textural analysis indicates both allochthonous and autochtonous origins for the Shirinabad deposit. Based on textural and mineralogical evidences the deposit can be divided into four distinct units. Kaolinite, anatase, routile, bohemite, hematite, goethite and berthierine are the principal constituents. From geochemical data, it is concluded that the Shirinabad deposit probably originated from basaltic volcanic rocks. Combination of mineralogical and geochemical data shows that the Shirinabad deposit formed in two stages. First, bauxite materials and clay minerals were developed as authigenic bauxitization processes of alkaline basaltic parent rock. Then, these materials were transported to karst depressions and formed the Shirinabad clay-bauxite deposit. Manuscript profile

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34 - Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Alteration of Ore Minerals in Glojeh Epithermal Veins, North of Zanjan
Majid Ghasemi Siani Behzad Mehrabi Mohammad khanazizi

The polymetallic epithermal Glojeh ore deposit is located in the middle of the Tarom-Hashtjin metallogenic province in Alborz-Azarbayejan (western Alborz). It consists of four major epithermal veins, in the South Glojeh and the North Glojeh areas. Andesitic basalt and More

The polymetallic epithermal Glojeh ore deposit is located in the middle of the Tarom-Hashtjin metallogenic province in Alborz-Azarbayejan (western Alborz). It consists of four major epithermal veins, in the South Glojeh and the North Glojeh areas. Andesitic basalt and dacite are hosting the mineralization in the South Glojeh and the North Glojeh veins, respectively. The in Glojeh area rocks include intrusive rocks (granodiorite, granite and quartzmonzonite), diabasitic dikes, and volcanic rocks (dacite, rhyolite, andesitic basalt and tuff). Based on genetic and crossed relations of vein and vienlets, mineralization in the Glojeh occurs in three stages: (1) early stage of Cu-Au-As-Sb-Fe-bearing minerals; (2) mid stage of Pb-Zn-Cu-Cd-Ag-bearing minerals and (3) late stage of hematite-goethite-Ag-Bi-Au-Pb minerals. Mineralogy and minerals chemistry studies show that galena in stage 2 (substage 2B) have inclusions of silver bearing minerals. Important silver bearing minerals in Glojeh veins are argentite, native silver, Ag-tetrahedrite, polybasite, matildite and marrite. Gold mineralization occured in substage 1B (stage 1), and is associated with specular hematite (specularite) as native gold and in substage 3A (stage 3) as inclusions of native gold and eletrum in hematite and quartz. Alteration in Glojeh district consists of propylilitization, argillization, sericitization and silicification, that have well-developed and zoned in the around Glojeh veins and extends ≈ 30 meters into the host rocks. Chlorite geothermometry in argillic zone (stage 2) and propylitic zone (stage 3) are 275°C and 200°C, respectively. Mass balance calculations indicate that Al, Zr, Ti, Y, Nb, and HREE were immobile elements during alteration. Manuscript profile

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35 - Petrology, geochemistry and ore potential of the Samen granitoid (SW Malayer, Hamedan)
Hassan Zamanian Farhad Ahmadnejad Akram Krami Taghipour

The Samen granitoid is located along the northwestern part of the Sanandaj- Sirjan Zone in the Southwestern of Malayer. Based on mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, five main facies have been recognized in the Samen granitoid which included granodiorite, monz More

The Samen granitoid is located along the northwestern part of the Sanandaj- Sirjan Zone in the Southwestern of Malayer. Based on mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, five main facies have been recognized in the Samen granitoid which included granodiorite, monzogranite, syenogranite, alkali-feldspar granite and quartz-monzonite. Granodiorite is the main facies of the pluton and is more wide spread than other facies. Geochemistry of major elements indicates that the Samen granitoid is metalomious (ACNK=0.75) to peralomious (ACNK=1.21) and is classified as volcanic arc granites (VAG) related to active continental margins and petrochemically belongs to calc alkaline with high K rock series. Depletion in Nb, Zr, Hf, Y, Ti and HREE and enrichment in K, Rb, Cs, Th and LREE is consistent with an arc setting related to the subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust beneath the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. The pluton has been contaminated by interaction with upper crust. In the Samen district both calcic exoskarn (grossular-andradite/augite-diopside) and endoskarn (tremolite-actinolite/epidote) occur along the contacts between granitoid and marble. The present study indicates that geochemical characteristics of the granodiorite and quartz-monzonite Samen rocks are similar to the averages for Au-Cu- and Fe- skarns granitoids, whereas the geochemical characteristics of the monzogranite, syenogranite and alkali-feldspar granite are similar to averages for Sn- and Mo-skarn granitoids. Based on oxidizing conditions and magma evolution, the Samen granitoid is characterized by relatively unevolved to moderately evolved and oxidized suites, as in most Au-Cu core metal associations globally. Manuscript profile

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36 - The difference between metamorphic series in the metapelitic rocks of south and north of Alvand Batholith, Hamadan
Adel Saki

Field relations and petrographical features show that formation of the metapelitic rocks in Western Iran were influenced by different metamorphic conditions in south and north of Alvand Batholite (Jurassic age). The intrusion of the Batholith into pelitic host rocks in More

Field relations and petrographical features show that formation of the metapelitic rocks in Western Iran were influenced by different metamorphic conditions in south and north of Alvand Batholite (Jurassic age). The intrusion of the Batholith into pelitic host rocks in the northern area (Cheshin Village) produced hornfelsic metamorphic rocks which contain staurolite, kyanite, garnet and sillimanite, whereas in the southern area (Tuyserkan city) these rocks contain, cordirite, andalusite, garnet and sillimanite. Mineral assemblages in the metapelitic rocks in two areas (in the north and south) are different. Using multiple equilibria temperature, pressure and fluid composition have been calculated for the formation of both northern and southern rocks respectively, as temperature (~600-630 ºC), pressure (~2-4 kbar), and fluid composition (XCO2 as low as 0.17) for northern rocks and temperature (~600-750 ºC), pressure (~4 kbar) and low (άH2O) for southern rocks. P-T results indicate that geothermal gradients in two areas (North and South) are respectively 42.5 and 58 ºC/km which conform Barrow and Buchan metamorphic series. Pseudosections were constructed using the Theriak/Domino program. Results of this method are in good agreement with other methods. Therefore, the Hamadan metamorphic rocks have experienced multiple episodes of metamorphism driven by burial and heating during arc construction and collision during subduction of a Neo Tethyan seaway in the Jurassic-Cretaceous, and these events are associated with different metamorphic series in parts of metamorphic aureole of the Alvand complex Manuscript profile

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37 - Analysis of tectonic seismic activity in the Tabas area
Razieh Abbaspour Seyed Morteza Mousavi Mahmoureza Heyhat

Independent estimates of deterministic and probabilistic methods of hazard analysis in the region of Tabas City were conducted in this study . Gutenberg - Richter relation for Tabas was obtained by analyses of seismic data based on LogN= 2.3 - 0.50 Ms. The greatest hori More

Independent estimates of deterministic and probabilistic methods of hazard analysis in the region of Tabas City were conducted in this study . Gutenberg - Richter relation for Tabas was obtained by analyses of seismic data based on LogN= 2.3 - 0.50 Ms. The greatest horizontal acceleration on Tabas city is 0.7g rsulted from Shotori thrust with a shaking power of 7.4 Richters. The obtained results show that, Kalmard fault with length of 170 km and distance of 50 kilometers from Tabas, has the highest impact after Shotori thrust. So that, the most expected seismic (8.93 Richter), the maximum relative intensity at the center (8.32), the maximum horizontal displacement at the center (29.82cm) and the maximum vertical displacement (66.70cm) are the result of this fault on Tabas. Using geostatistical analysis tool in ArcGIS (ordinary kriging), a suitable model was introduced for mapping the maximum gravitational acceleration. Using this map, zones with high and very high seismic risks and two liner earthquake sources with NE- SW trend (west of Tabas) as a result of Kalmard and Ladar faults and NW-SE (east of Tabas) as a result of Shotori, Esfandiar and Nayband faults were identified. Manuscript profile

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38 - The Impacts of the North Tabriz Fault on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the neighbor aquifer in the East of Tabriz City, Iran
ebrahim rajabpour Abdorreza Vaezi hir

The North Tabriz Fault (NTF) is the most prominent tectonic structure in the Northwest of Iran. The results of this study show that this fault has a major impact on hydrogeological conditions of the local aquifer. Plio-Quaternary volcanic ash and tuff layers constitute More

The North Tabriz Fault (NTF) is the most prominent tectonic structure in the Northwest of Iran. The results of this study show that this fault has a major impact on hydrogeological conditions of the local aquifer. Plio-Quaternary volcanic ash and tuff layers constitute the only unconfined aquifer of this area which directly lies on Miocene red marl as aquifer bed rock. Northern part aquifer bed rock is placed in the higher level than the southern part. This could be the reason for the existence of the reverse dip-slip movement of fault in this area, which causes the northern part (hanging wall) trust over the southern part (footwall). Sharp differences in aquifer bed rock level at relatively low distances (less than 200 m), can be a sign of near-vertical slope of fault in this area. An obvious groundwater level differences which reaches to more than 8 meters, along with the apparent differences between groundwater qualities across the fault at a low distance (about 200 meters) show a barrier behavior of fault. Total depth of the southern part wells is four times compared to the northern parts. Total annual discharge of southern part wells is about eight times of northern parts. Total hardness and ions concentrations of groundwater samples shows that most of the northern part samples are not suitable for drinking purposes, but the southern part samples are suitable. Also, all of the northern part samples have the negative Langelier index (corrosive). All of the southern part samples have the positive (very close to zero) Langelier index and suitable for industrial usages. Therefore this is a reason why most of industries in this area were located in the southern part of the fault. Manuscript profile

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39 - The identification of the recharge source in the important karstic springs of Khuzestan province using stable isotopes (18O and 2H)
HamidReza Mohammadi-Behzad دکتر اسماعیل کلانتری Charchi Arash Nadri

Sabzab and Bibitalkhone Karst springs are the main discharging points of the Kamarun and Pabdeh karstic anticlines (Asmari dolomite and limestone) in Khuzestan province. The exposed surface of both anticlines are not sufficient to feed the aforementioned springs. Accord More

Sabzab and Bibitalkhone Karst springs are the main discharging points of the Kamarun and Pabdeh karstic anticlines (Asmari dolomite and limestone) in Khuzestan province. The exposed surface of both anticlines are not sufficient to feed the aforementioned springs. According to the general water balance estimation and the discharge hydrographs of springs, there are important water resources in the region (including the Shahid Abbaspour dam reservoir as well as the Shirgun anticline in the vicinity of the host anticlines of springs) which could contribute in feeding the springs. All of water resources in the target (discharge) and the recharge area were sampled during two rainy (February 2013) and dry (July 2013) periods. The origin of the spring's waters in the target area evaluated using these isotope data, as well as the local meteoric water line (LMWL) in the study area. The average elevation of the recharge area and the probable recharge fraction from the water bodies resources in the region estimated for the springs. The results show that the recharge area elevation of the springs in the target area corresponds to the recharge area elevation in the neighboring karstic anticline. It was also revealed that the Shahid Abbaspour dam reservoir participate in recharging the Sabzab spring. However, the volume of input water from the dam reservoir in comparsion to Shirgun karstic catchment is not considerable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Geology, alteration, mineralization and geochemical study in copper mine, Golcheshmeh Area, South of Neyshbour
Fatemeh Najmi Mazaheri Saeid saadat Azam Entezari

The Golcheshmeh copper deposit is located in the NE of Iran (south of Neyshabour) at the margin of Sabzevar Structural Zone. Based on geological and labratory studies, the outcroped rocks consist of Eocene volcanic rocks such as andesite, basaltic- andesite and basalt t More

The Golcheshmeh copper deposit is located in the NE of Iran (south of Neyshabour) at the margin of Sabzevar Structural Zone. Based on geological and labratory studies, the outcroped rocks consist of Eocene volcanic rocks such as andesite, basaltic- andesite and basalt that associated with the sedimentary and volcanosedimentry rocks including limestone, tuff and breccia. The alteration hosted andesitic layers include carbonatization, propylitization and less argilic and sericitic alterations. The carbonatization zone is the most important alteration in this area. Mineralization mainly occurs in Eocene or younger volcanic rocks as vein- veinlets, amygdaloidal fillings and some replacement and disseminated styles. According to the minerallographical studies, the main ores which contain copper are divided into oxide and sulfide types. Mineralization mainly consists of oxide phases and can be seen as contamination of fracture surfaces and filling pores or voids in the host rocks. The main oxide minerals are malachite, azurite and chrysocolla, and sulfide minerals are chalcocite, covellite, with some minor pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, digenit and also native copper. Chalcocite is the most abundant ore sulfide in this area. There are probably two generations of sulfides, the first generation is a primary ore that was formed directly in joints, cracks, and fractures from the ore-containing solution and currently is replaced by covellites; and, the second generation is chalcocite that was probably formed from the conversion of bornite and chalcopyrite through substitution under supergene conditions. In most cases, the observed intergrowth between copper ores suggests the multi-stage mineralization in this region. Geochemical studies of minor and trace elements indicate that the igneous rocks in this region are characterized by the calc-alkaline basalt characteristics and, in terms of tectonic setting, could be attributed to subduction zone-related continental arc magmatism. Moreover, based on the performed geochemical analyses, the copper grade in the region varies from 13668 to 164000 g/ton. On the basis of the results of this study and with respect to some evidences such as tectonic setting, host rock type, structure and texture of ore body, mineral paragenesis, shape of the ore body and associated elements, this area is compared to Manto type deposit located in Chile. Though there are some differences, it is suggested that golcheshmeh copper mine is classified in Cu- Manto type deposit. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Neotectonic zoning using morphometric indices in Lali – Gotvand area, Khuzestan
Tayebeh Ahmadi Aziz Rahimi Hojahallah Safari Arash Barjasteh

Quantitative assessment forms and effects of the Earth's surface and calculation of morphometry indices of rivers, river channel, and mountain fronts are the best methods for investigation of the active tectonics. The studied area is located in Dezful Embayment zone of More

Quantitative assessment forms and effects of the Earth's surface and calculation of morphometry indices of rivers, river channel, and mountain fronts are the best methods for investigation of the active tectonics. The studied area is located in Dezful Embayment zone of the Zagros Simply Folded Belt. In this study, the tectonics and regional morphotectonics of Lali – Gotvand area are interpreted using digital elevation model. This research analyzed three indices including mountain front sinuosity (Smf), ratio of valley width to valley height (Vf) and stream length-gradient index (Sl). The morphometry indices were analyzed to determine tectonic activity according to general tectonic of Simply Folded Zagros and Dezful Embayment in Lali - Gotvand region in the north east of Khuzestan. After calculating the noted indices and information integration layers, the neotectonic zoning map were prepared as tectonic activity in 4 categories: very active, active, relatively active and non-active. According to these results, maximum tectonic activities have occurred in the North East based on stream length-gradient index, in East, North East, South East based on ratio of valley width to valley height and in North East, South East and central part based on mountain front sinuosity, respectively. The neotectonic zoning map shows the highest activity in the North, North East and Center and the lowest activity in the South of the study area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Magma mixing in Dehe Bala granodiorites and their mafic enclaves, SW of Boein Zahra: Evidence for I type calc-alkaline magmatism from both lithospheric mantle and lower crustal sources
Zeynab Gharamohammadi Fatemeh Najmi

Dehe Bala granodioritic pluton with an E-W trend is exposed approximately 45 km south-west of Boein Zahra town, Qazvin province. This pluton includes several mafic microgranular enclaves (MMES) with diorite and quartz monzodiorite in composition. The ellipsoidal and rou More

Dehe Bala granodioritic pluton with an E-W trend is exposed approximately 45 km south-west of Boein Zahra town, Qazvin province. This pluton includes several mafic microgranular enclaves (MMES) with diorite and quartz monzodiorite in composition. The ellipsoidal and rounded enclaves with 2 to 30 cm in sizes have been scattered in host granodiorites. The enclaves commonly have a sharp contact with the host granodiorites. Textural evidence indicative of disequilibrium condition, include plagioclase with oscillatory zoning and repeated resorption surfaces, acicular apatite and quartz ocelli as chemical and/or thermal changes in the melt during crystal growth and as evidence for occurrence of magma mixing. The enclaves enriched in LILES and LREES and are depleted in HFSES. The SiO2 content of the granodiorite ranges from 64.2 to 66.9 wt%. They are high-k calc-alkaline in composition, displaying a metaluminous character (A/CNK<1.1). Enrichment of incompatible elements such as La, Ce, Rb, Th, K and Nd coupled with negative anomalies of Ti, Ba, Eu, Nb and P implying the role of the lower crust in the formation of the granodioritic magma, but relatively high content of Mg value (0.39 – 0.43) suggest that the granodiorites were generated by mixing of mantle-derived mafic magma with felsic melt derived by partial melting of lower crust. The MMEs are characterized by relatively low contents of SiO2 = 52.8–58.2 wt%, moderate K2O=1.4-3.8 and high Mg (0.4 -0.46). Geochemical features and values of Dy/Yb=1.6 – 1.8 in MMES suggest that enclave magmas were derived by partial melting of the mantle wedge in the spinel–garnet transition zone and they have partially evolved in contact with fusion of crust-derived felsic magmas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Magma mixing in Dehe Bala granodiorites and their mafic enclaves, SW of Boein Zahra: Evidence for I type calc-alkaline magmatism from both lithospheric mantle and lower crustal sources
Zeynab Gharamohammadi علی کنعانیان Mohsen Zargham

Dehe Bala granodioritic pluton with an E-W trend is exposed approximately 45 km south-west of Boein Zahra town, Qazvin province. This pluton includes several mafic microgranular enclaves (MMES) with diorite and quartz monzodiorite in composition. The ellipsoidal and rou More

Dehe Bala granodioritic pluton with an E-W trend is exposed approximately 45 km south-west of Boein Zahra town, Qazvin province. This pluton includes several mafic microgranular enclaves (MMES) with diorite and quartz monzodiorite in composition. The ellipsoidal and rounded enclaves with 2 to 30 cm in sizes have been scattered in host granodiorites. The enclaves commonly have a sharp contact with the host granodiorites. Textural evidence indicative of disequilibrium condition, include plagioclase with oscillatory zoning and repeated resorption surfaces, acicular apatite and quartz ocelli as chemical and/or thermal changes in the melt during crystal growth and as evidence for occurrence of magma mixing. The enclaves enriched in LILES and LREES and are depleted in HFSES. The SiO2 content of the granodiorite ranges from 64.2 to 66.9 wt%. They are high-k calc-alkaline in composition, displaying a metaluminous character (A/CNK<1.1). Enrichment of incompatible elements such as La, Ce, Rb, Th, K and Nd coupled with negative anomalies of Ti, Ba, Eu, Nb and P implying the role of the lower crust in the formation of the granodioritic magma, but relatively high content of Mg value (0.39 – 0.43) suggest that the granodiorites were generated by mixing of mantle-derived mafic magma with felsic melt derived by partial melting of lower crust. The MMEs are characterized by relatively low contents of SiO2 = 52.8–58.2 wt%, moderate K2O=1.4-3.8 and high Mg (0.4 -0.46). Geochemical features and values of Dy/Yb=1.6 – 1.8 in MMES suggest that enclave magmas were derived by partial melting of the mantle wedge in the spinel–garnet transition zone and they have partially evolved in contact with fusion of crust-derived felsic magmas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - The study of geochemistry and mineralogy of the adakitic rocks in Monavvar village, North of Tabriz, NW of Iran
Mahdieh Fazelihagh Nasir Amel Ahmad Jahangiry

The study area is located 35 kilometers northwest of Tabriz. Based on stratigraphic evidences, age of volcanic rocks in Monavvar area is Mio-Pliocene and Plio – Quaternary. According to geological structure, it is part of the western Alborz – Azerbaijan zone. Most of th More

The study area is located 35 kilometers northwest of Tabriz. Based on stratigraphic evidences, age of volcanic rocks in Monavvar area is Mio-Pliocene and Plio – Quaternary. According to geological structure, it is part of the western Alborz – Azerbaijan zone. Most of the volcanic rocks are dacite, rhyodacite, andesite, basaltic andesite and trachyandesite. In the spider diagrams these rocks show enrichment of HREE and HFSE elements over LREE and LILE, depletion and negative anomalies for Ti, Nb and Ta (TNT) and Ba/Nb, Ba/Ta. These properties indicate that their formation could occur in the continental arcs and post collisional arcs. High levels of SiO2 equal to 55 to 66 %wt, low levels of MgO, Y, Yb and Sr/Y and La/Yb represent the formation of high silica adakitic magma in the region. According to this evidence and REE distribution patterns, formation of magma was probably from asthenospheric mantle garnet – lherzolite source. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Microfacies and sedimentary environment of the Maastrichtian deposits in Jorbat Stratigraphic section, west of Kopet Dagh
Yadolah Ezampanah Mahmoud Jalali محمد حسين آدابي امیرمحمد جمالي

To determine microfacies and depositional subenvironments of the Maastrichtian deposits in the western part of the Kopet-Dagh Basin, one stratigraphic section, has been selected and analysed. In this section which is located 9.5 kms N-NW of Jorbat, Maastrichtian deposit More

To determine microfacies and depositional subenvironments of the Maastrichtian deposits in the western part of the Kopet-Dagh Basin, one stratigraphic section, has been selected and analysed. In this section which is located 9.5 kms N-NW of Jorbat, Maastrichtian deposits are composed of two formations including Kalat (282 m thickness) and Chakhmaghlo (77 m thickness). The Kalat Formation consists of bioclastic and sandy limestone and the Chakhmaghlo Formation is composed of shale, marl, limestone and argillaceous limestone. Based on field observations and also petrographic studies, the lower boundary of the Kalat Formation with the Abderaz Formation is disconformable. The lower boundary of the Chakhmaghlo Formation with the Kalat Formation is gradual and conformable, while its upper contact with the Paleocene Pesteligh Formation is disconformable. Petrographic studies in Maastrichtian deposits led to recognition of 16 microfacies. These microfacies deposited in 5 facies belts including tidal flat, lagoon, shoal, reef and fore reef subenvironments in a carbonate platform. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Effects of the inclination of parallel no flow boundaries on the time- drawdown curves around a pumping well in a confined bounded aquifer
Arash Nadri ezatolah ghanavati Nasrolah Kalantari

The image well theory was used in the study of no flow boundaries effects on the drawdown around pumping wells. Most studies are concentrated on the vertical no flow boundaries, while, in some cases these boundaries are not vertical and have inclinations. To the best of More

The image well theory was used in the study of no flow boundaries effects on the drawdown around pumping wells. Most studies are concentrated on the vertical no flow boundaries, while, in some cases these boundaries are not vertical and have inclinations. To the best of the authors knowledge, the problem of the inclined no flow boundaries has not been studied yet. The effects of the parallel no flow boundaries inclination on the drawdown around pumping wells in bounded aquifers is studied here. The time-drawdown data for vertical boundaries have used the numerical simulation and also the image well theory. The effects of inclination of the boundaries were only considered using the numerical simulation. The results of numerical simulations and image well theory for vertical no flow boundaries were matched completely. The computed drawdown for observation well in the models with inclined and vertical no flow boundaries used to compute the difference between them. The difference between these cases depends on the distance between the boundaries (width of the aquifer) and the inclination value. The results showed that in large widths and low inclinations, the computed drawdown in aquifers with vertical boundaries are almost similar with the computed drawdown in aquifers with inclined boundaries and the differences can be neglected. In the other words, the difference between the vertical and inclined cases in smaller widths is so high that even in the low inclinations, the differences can't be neglected. It can be concluded that the image well theory as we know, cannot be used in inclined no flow boundaries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Assessment of the activity in the gap zone of the Rudbar Fault, based on the morphotectonic indices of the Sefidrud River, Gilan Province
Shoja Ansari

In this study the morphotectonic indices for a specified length of the Sefidrud River, which is located in the meizoseismal area of the 1990 Rudbar earthquake, have been investigated to constrain the activity of a gap between the Rudbar Fault segments. The Digital Eleva More

In this study the morphotectonic indices for a specified length of the Sefidrud River, which is located in the meizoseismal area of the 1990 Rudbar earthquake, have been investigated to constrain the activity of a gap between the Rudbar Fault segments. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 30 m resolution was used to obtain the elevation data. Fifteen km of the Sefidrud River also was divided into 100 -meter segments to calculate the morphotectonic indices. The morphotectonic indices include the sinuosity (SI), stream-length gradient (SL) and river long profile. The sinuosity in this region, where the trend of the Rudbar fault cut across the river, is approximately 1-1.5 and has a lower value relative to the other segments of the river. This indicates that the uplift possibly affected this region and then indicates the high tectonic activity. The stream-length gradient in the target region is approximately >3000 and has a higher value in the region which may be related to the lithological and active tectonic effects. The high value of SL can be used for determining the regions with high potential for the landslides along the strike of the Sefidrud River. The Sefidrud long profile, in aforementioned area, has a bulge or convexity. Such convexity together with the high value of stream-length gradient can indicate that the tectonic activities are significant in this region. By comparing the morphotectonic analysis with the seismotectonic studies such as the Coulomb stress changes due to the 1990 Rudbar earthquake, in which the high stress zones were detected in this region, it can be cluded that the studied region has high tectonic activities and consequently its monitoring to prevent the seismic hazard is essential. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - The geometric analysis of Burkh Anticline, the southeastern of the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt
Ramzan Ramzani Umali Naser Hafezi Moghaddas Ahmad Nohegar Abdolvahab Afroogh

Burkh anticline with the WNW-ESE trending is located in southeastern part of the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt and 40 km to the north of Bastak in the Fars zone. In this paper, based on the field data, satellite images and construction of the seven structural cross sectio More

Burkh anticline with the WNW-ESE trending is located in southeastern part of the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt and 40 km to the north of Bastak in the Fars zone. In this paper, based on the field data, satellite images and construction of the seven structural cross sections, structural geometry of the Burkh anticline is presented. Presence of the Precambrian- Cambrian of the Hormoz salt Formation as a basic detachment layer decouple the folded sedimentary cover from basement. Structural data show that the Burkh anticline is a detachment, buckle, asymmetrical and disharmonic fold. For describing tightness geometry of the fold, the term “open” is suggested. Field study and structural cross sections show that the Dashtak Formation as a middle detachment layer is the controlling factor for development of small-scale folding. Based on top of the Dehram Group underground contour map, vertical closure about 1000 m and horizontal closure of 200 km2 were calculated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Geochemistry of ore facies and alteration zoning pattern of the Varandan Ba-Pb-Cu volconogenic massive sulfide deposit, southwest of Qamsar
Fayegh Hashemi Fardin Mousivand Mahdi Rezaei-Kahkhaei

The Varandan Ba-Pb-Cu deposit is located in southwest of Qamsar which is part of Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic-arc zone. Mineralozation occurred as four sub-horizons in the unit1 of volcaniclastics and volcanics (acidic tuff and andesite) of Middle-Late Eocene. Each sub-hori More

The Varandan Ba-Pb-Cu deposit is located in southwest of Qamsar which is part of Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic-arc zone. Mineralozation occurred as four sub-horizons in the unit1 of volcaniclastics and volcanics (acidic tuff and andesite) of Middle-Late Eocene. Each sub-horizon consists of five ore facies including: 1) stringer zone, 2) vent complex zone, 3) massive zone, 4) bedded-banded zone and 5) hydrothermal-exhalative sediments of Fe and Mn bearing. Main wall rock alterations in the deposits include chloritic-quartz and quartz-sericitic. Alteration zoning is observed in the deposit as chloritic-quartz at the core and quartz-serisitic in the margins of the footwall of the ore sub-horizon. Electron microprob analysis (EPMA) on the chlorite in stringer zones of the second and third sub-horizons show that these chlorites are Fe-rich chlorite and close to the clinochlor field. Geochemical studies indicate that grades of Ag, As, Cu, Sb and Sr in the stratiform ore (bedded-banded and massive) of the third sub-horizon are much higher than the other sub-horizons, and are 41, 273, 1945, 390 and 1013 ppm, respectively. All geochemical studies show that metal zoning in this deposit is clear, this is characteristic of VMS deposits. Development of zone-refining and over refining processes caused leaching of Cu from the stringer zone and vent complex facies and its later precipitation in the bedded ore facies. Among across to different sub-horizons in the Varandan deposit, third sub-horizon is recognized as economic for Ag extraction . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Seismotectonics of the west of Golestan province, the east of south Caspian region
Maryam Agh-Atabai Marjan Tourani

Golestan province is located in one of the seismically active zones of Iran. The seismicity maps of Golestan province show that density of earthquakes in the west is more than the east. In this research, the parameters including b-value, recurrence time and seismic mome More

Golestan province is located in one of the seismically active zones of Iran. The seismicity maps of Golestan province show that density of earthquakes in the west is more than the east. In this research, the parameters including b-value, recurrence time and seismic moment were studied to investigate the seismicity of the west of Golestan province. The focal mechanism of earthuqakes and field data were used to determine the stress orientations in the study area. The estimated b-value is obtained as 1.24±0.2 which is comparable with the Alborz. Since the northern and southern parts of the study area have different geomorphological and structural characteristics, some of these parameters were calculated for two subdivisions; Dasht-e-Gorgan in the north and foothill in the south. Results of this study show that the earthquakes in the Dasht-e-Gorgan compared to the foothill are smaller with shorter recurrence times. For the foothills, the calculated P-axes using the stress tensor inversion method is found to be subhorizontal with trend N-NNE. For this region, at least two trends, N and NW, is calculated using field data. This result show the change of stress directions during the structural evolution of this area. The calculated p-axes trend for the Dasht-e-Gorgan is NE. In both studied areas, the focal mechanisms of greater earthquakes are consistent with the E-W to NE-SW trend of main faults especially the Khazar fault. But, the smaller events in the Gorgan Plain show a different trend and mechanism. Comparison of these two subdivisions shows that the northern Alborz foothill is more dangerous than the plain. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Tectonic geomorphology of Karkheh River Basin (West Iran)
Negin Rahimi Mehran Aryan Manouchehr Ghoreshi

Geomorphic indices are major tools to recognize tectonics activities. These indices have the advantage of being calculated from Arc GIS package over large areas as reconnaissance tool to identify possible geomorphic anomalies related to active tectonics. In this resea More

Geomorphic indices are major tools to recognize tectonics activities. These indices have the advantage of being calculated from Arc GIS package over large areas as reconnaissance tool to identify possible geomorphic anomalies related to active tectonics. In this research, Karkheh river basin was selected and six geomorphologic indices; drainage basin asymmetry (Af), stream-gradient index (SL), drainage basin shape index (Bs), mountain-front sinuosity index (Smf), valley floor width-height ratio (Vf) and hypsometric integral (Himatter) were calculated. Then, the values were classified in three groups and analyzed. The area of the three class as follows: Class2) 12180 km2, 23.7% Class3) 32318km2, 62.9% Class4) 6843km2, 13.3% The region has an area of about 51341 km2, so this result presents the moderate relative activity in the extensive parts of the area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Tectonomagmatic setting of the Eocene volcanic rocks in Ahovan area (Semnan)
Maryam Alipour Morteza Khalatbari-Jafari Mohsen Pourkermani Sedigheh Etesami Ali Sorbi

Petrology and tectonomagmatic setting of the Eocene volcanic rocks exposed in the Ahovan area, east of Semnan are presented and discussed. The studied rocks include basic-intermediate and acidic volcanic lavas and dikes, accompanied by intercalations of nummulite-bearin More

Petrology and tectonomagmatic setting of the Eocene volcanic rocks exposed in the Ahovan area, east of Semnan are presented and discussed. The studied rocks include basic-intermediate and acidic volcanic lavas and dikes, accompanied by intercalations of nummulite-bearing limestone, shallow water deposits, hyaloclastite and hyaloclastic breccia. The basic-intermediate lavas are exposed at the base and the rhyolitic and andesitic lavas are exposed at the top of the volcanic series, all of which may be attributed to a bimodal volcanism. It seems that Eocene volcanic activity occurred in shallow water to subaerial environments. Based on petrographical investigations, the volcanic lavas show basaltic, basaltic andesitic, andesitic, dacitic, rhyolitic and acidic tuffs compositions. The lavas have phyric to aphyric textures. The phyric lavas include plagioclase, augite and hornblend phenocrysts. They show microlitic, microcrystalline and intergranular groundmass in dikes. Disrupted zoning and sieve texture in plagioclase phenocrysts and heterogeneous groundmass might be interpreted by magma mixing. Study of the geochemical analyses, indicates high-k calc-alkaline to shoshonitic magmatic trends in the Ahovan area. Trace and REE spider diagrams, normalized with standard values, display enrichment of LILE and clear depletion of Nb and Ti. In tectonomagmatic diagrams, these samples plot in the arc field which tends toward an initial extensional back arc envirenment. It appears that partial melting of adjusted mantle wedge above a subducted slab provided the parental magma which was enriched by fluids-melt released from partial melting of the subducted slab. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Tourmaline genesis in the metamorphic and magmatic rocks of Gasht-e- Rudkhan district (Gasht metamorphic Complex, West of Rasht)
Maryam Mohammadi Abbas Asiabanha Kazem Gholizadeh

Gasht metamorphic complex crops out in the Talesh Mountains (Western Alborz). This complex mainly consists of metapelitic and granitic rocks. Tourmaline is prevalent as an accessory phase within these rocks. In schist samples, dravitic tourmaline is abundant as nucleati More

Gasht metamorphic complex crops out in the Talesh Mountains (Western Alborz). This complex mainly consists of metapelitic and granitic rocks. Tourmaline is prevalent as an accessory phase within these rocks. In schist samples, dravitic tourmaline is abundant as nucleation component and fine size, and displays compositional zoning. Dravitic tourmaline of gneissic samples are coarser and homogenous. Tourmaline of the migmatites are restricted to both leucosome and melanosome parts. Brown tourmalines of garnet-bearing melanosome are magnesiofoitite in composition and similar to the other mafic phases of melanosome, indicate a residuum nature. However, dravitic tourmalines of the garnet – free melanosome are coarse crystalline and have grown over biotite with green pleochroism. The composition of the leucogranite tourmalines are schorlitic and they become dravitic toward rims. Different types of replacement are observed in the tourmaline composition of Gasht complex. According to the compositional signatures, metapelites tourmaline were formed mainly under metamorphic conditions, while the one of the leucogranites have been formed in the magmatic conditions. Probably B-bearing fluids of Gasht complex in the high grade metamorphism caused lowering of the temperature of water-bearing solidus of granite. This resulted in facilitating of migmatitization process. Furthermore, boron element caused decreasing of leucosome viscosity, mobilization and easier fractionation of melt from melanosome and creation of adjacent leucogranites. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - The hydrogeological water balance of Barm-e-Shour wetland in the Haftkel city, Khuzestan province
Farzad Akbari rahim bagheri Arash Nadri

Wetlands are the most important and yet vulnerable environmental resources which are vital as water resources to agriculture, springs, ground water recharge and ecology. Therefore, the management and restoration of the wetlands are of great importance and require hydrog More

Wetlands are the most important and yet vulnerable environmental resources which are vital as water resources to agriculture, springs, ground water recharge and ecology. Therefore, the management and restoration of the wetlands are of great importance and require hydrogeological scrutiny. Barm-e-Shour is one of the most important wetlands in Khuzestan province and is utilized for drinking and agricultural purposes. The wetland is situated on Gachsaran evaporate formation. There are no permanent surface inflows, yet the wetland maintains a steady reservoir, despite the recent drought and water supply limitations. Water and recharge origin which require calculating hydrogeological balance have not been studied so far. To achieve this goal, the iso-depth map, annual water level fluctuation, catchment area and different parameters of water balance were determined. The maximum depth during the dry season was about 3 meters. According to hydrogeological surveys the water balance was positive so that the yearly inflow of water was about 10912 m3 indicating the main role of ground water in wetland recharge. Considering the karst development and isotopic results, carbonates of the Asmari anticline is the most probable source of Barm-e-Shour wetland water. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Hybrid fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm and multilayer perceptron for increasing the estimate accuracy of the geochemical element concentration case study: eastern zone of porphyry copper deposit of Sonajil
Moharam Jahangiri SeydReza Ghavami Behzad tokhmechi

Pattern recognition methods are able to identify the hidden relationships between exploration data, especially in the case of limited number of data. The geochemical distribution patterns of the elements are identified and generalized using these methods. Multilayer per More

Pattern recognition methods are able to identify the hidden relationships between exploration data, especially in the case of limited number of data. The geochemical distribution patterns of the elements are identified and generalized using these methods. Multilayer perceptron, MLP, is one of the pattern recognition methods which is used for the estimation of geochemical element concentrations in mineral deposit studies. In the current study, multilayer neural network was used to estimate the concentration of geochemical elements based on 1755 surface and borehole samples, analyzed by ICP. Fuzzy c-means, FCM, clustering algorithm was used to increase the neural network estimation accuracy. The optimal number of clusters in the dataset was identified by validation indices and was used to design estimator. The clustering data on average showed an increase of 13% accuracy compared to normal mode. The average accuracy was increased from 75 percent to 88 percent. Elements with the lowest estimation accuracy showed an acceptable increase on the estimation accuracy by using clustering data. Mean squared error was 0.079 using all data and decreased to 0.025 while using hybrid developed method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Dolomites and breccia in KamarPosht fluorite mine, Elika Formation, Central Alborz
Mahshid Mahdavi Arash Amini

Fluorite mineralization in Kamar Posht mine, east of Central Alborz, is mostly occurred in dolomitic limestone rocks of the Elika Formation. The aim of this current research was to recognize the types of breccia and dolomite based on microscopic studies (transmitted and More

Fluorite mineralization in Kamar Posht mine, east of Central Alborz, is mostly occurred in dolomitic limestone rocks of the Elika Formation. The aim of this current research was to recognize the types of breccia and dolomite based on microscopic studies (transmitted and cathodoluminescence light) and ore fabric and texture applying to the genesis of this deposit. Using the above methods combined with time-space relationship between dolomites and fluorite led to recognition of 2 main groups of dolomites including (1) pre-mineralization dolomicrites without luminesce in the matrix of host dolomitic limestone and (2) dolomicrosparite-dolosparites associated and coeval with mineralization that show red to orange-yellow luminescence color . Pre-mineralization dolomicrites introduced as shallow buried diagenetic-type, whereas syn-mineralization dolomicrosparite-dolosparites interpreted to form due to re-crystallization of primary dolomicrites of host rock and/or precipitation of hydrothermal solution (basinal brine) causing dolomitic alteration. Dissolution-collapse and faults breccias dominated over diagenetic breccia and were main features of mineralization in Kamarposht mine. They were interpreted as evidence of epigenetic origin of fluorite mineralization in high-grade zones of the KamarPosht mine. They were probably formed as a result of post-diagenetic processes (tectonic and basinal brines) on dolomitic limestone host rocks overlaying clastic rocks of Shemshak group. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - The main effective factors on the mineralization of Sonajil porphyry-epithermal copper-gold deposit, using remote sensing, mineralogical and geochemical studies
Mohammad Maanijou

In order to identify the main effective factors in the Sonajil Cu-Au porphyry-epithermal deposit, remote sensing, mineralogical and geochemical studies were carried on the deposit. After removing vegetation and topographic features by Normalized Difference Vegetation I More

In order to identify the main effective factors in the Sonajil Cu-Au porphyry-epithermal deposit, remote sensing, mineralogical and geochemical studies were carried on the deposit. After removing vegetation and topographic features by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), solar radiance, instrumental errors and albedo effects by Log Residual (LR), Band Ratio (BR), False Color Composite (FCC), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Mixture-Tuned Matched-Filtering (MTMF) were used to reveal main alteration zones of the study area. The phyllic, advanced argillic and propylitic altered rocks were identified and the results were validated by field and mineralogical studies. Also, geochemical data showed microdiorite, and shoshonite composition and also post-orogenic tectonic setting of the Sonajil porphyry-copper deposits. Eventually, the faulting density, composition, and the depth of mineralization were the affecting factors on the Sonajil deposit mineralization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Segmentation of Shotori fault using structural, geomorphology, seismicity and fractaly analysis

Shotori active fault zone (in the northern end of Nayband fault) has a dextral strike-slip mechanism with a revers component. Landsat image studies show that this fault is uncontinuous and segmented. In this research, based on fault geometric discontinuity, two segments More

Shotori active fault zone (in the northern end of Nayband fault) has a dextral strike-slip mechanism with a revers component. Landsat image studies show that this fault is uncontinuous and segmented. In this research, based on fault geometric discontinuity, two segments, were determined on both the northern (with trend of N40w) and southern segments (with trend of N20w). Both of them are reverse with a right lateral slip movement component. The southern segment is the most active segment, based on fractal earthquake and fractal fractures (Ds= 1/60, DN=1/73) and earthquakes (Ds=0/43, DN=0/68) morphotectonic¬ parameters such as river slope indicator (SLs=1703/27,SLN=1526/7), sinuosity river channel (SS=1/24,SN=1/27), the V ratio (Vs=0/7,VN=0/9) and structural and seismic data. The most frequent recorded earthquakes and the biggest registered earthquake with a magnitude of 7.4 on the Richter scale have taken place in the southern segment. This indicates a high potential of seismic activity on this segment of the Shotori fault. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Late Cretaceous Island-arc subduction magmatism in northern edge of central Iran, SW Sabzevar
Elham Mirzakazemi Habibollah Ghasemi Fardin Mousivand Wilyam Griffin

A thick sequence of Late Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary rocks crops out on the northern margin of Central Iran, in the southwest of the Sabzevar. The igneous rocks include extrusions (trachy-andesite, dacite and rhyolite) and shallow depth intrusions (gabbro, gabbrodior More

A thick sequence of Late Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary rocks crops out on the northern margin of Central Iran, in the southwest of the Sabzevar. The igneous rocks include extrusions (trachy-andesite, dacite and rhyolite) and shallow depth intrusions (gabbro, gabbrodiorite, diorite and granite). These igneous rocks have geochemical signatures of magmatic rocks of island-arc subduction zones and plot within field in different tectonic setting discrimination diagrams. The parental magma of these rocks has island arc tholeiitic nature and was produced via partial melting of a depleted spinel lherzolite mantle source during closing of the Sabzevar Neo-Tethyan oceanic basin in the Late Cretaceous. This depleted mantle source was affected by the metasomatic fluids released from dehydration of the Neo-Tethys subducted oceanic slab. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - The Study of mineral chemistry, tectonomagmatic setting and petrogenesis of plutonic bodies in Sursat Complex, NW Takab, Iran
Soraya Dadfar Farhad Aliani Ali Akbar Baharifar Mohamad Hossian Zarinkoub

The plutonic bodies occurring in Sursat complex are some parts of plutonic rocks of Sanandaj- Sirjan Zone. Based on the field observations and microscopic studies, rocks of the study area are consist of hornblende gabbro, quartz diorite, monzodiorite, granodiorite and t More

The plutonic bodies occurring in Sursat complex are some parts of plutonic rocks of Sanandaj- Sirjan Zone. Based on the field observations and microscopic studies, rocks of the study area are consist of hornblende gabbro, quartz diorite, monzodiorite, granodiorite and tonalite. The EPMA analyses of minerals such as amphiboles (in granodiorite and monzodiorite), plagioclases and alkali feldspars indicate that amphiboles are magnesiohornblende, plagioclases are albite and oligoclase and alkali feldspares are orthoclase. Geochemical studies indicate that monzodiorite unit (Turke Dare and Khangholi bodies) are metaluminous I-type and calc-alkaline in nature. They are plotted in volcanic arc granite (VAG) region with 87Sr/86Sr and εNd values equal to 0.70448 and -0.12. All evidence represent that the monzodiorite were generated from a magma which was derived from mantle affected by assimilation and contamination processes. Granodiorite unit (Pichaghci, Hamzeh Ghasem and Northeast Khangholi bodies) represents I-type, metaluminous to peraluminous and calc-alkaline characteristics and is plotted in VGA field of magmatic arc. The 87Sr/86Sr and εNd values are equal to 0.70529 and -2.82 respectively. So these granodiorites were generated through mixing processes of a mantle magma with crustal sources. Tonalite–trondhjemites group are I-type, tholeiitic, peraluminous according to the low value of Mg# (2.9-11.6), Cr (20-46 ppm) and Ni (1-2.4 ppm) contents. They are also low in LA/Yb, Sr/Y, and Nb/Ta. The slight negative anomaly in fractionated patterns of the rare earth elements (REE) and very low depletion in Eu, indicate that these rocks were resulted from amphibolitic crustal source that were previousely generated from thickened mafic crust or from basaltic plate in low pressures at shallow depth in the presence of abundant plagioclase. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Difference of in situ stress regime dependent on Structural position and geomechanical characteristics, Case study- Gachsaran and Asmari formations, SW Iran
Hossein Talebi Seyd Ahmad Alavi Mohamad Reaz Ghasemi Shahram Sherkati

Estimation of in-situ stress tensor in sedimentary basins using information obtained from exploration and development oil and gas wells during the drilling and logging process may be used for estimation of in-situ stress tensor in sedimentary basins. The in-situ stress More

Estimation of in-situ stress tensor in sedimentary basins using information obtained from exploration and development oil and gas wells during the drilling and logging process may be used for estimation of in-situ stress tensor in sedimentary basins. The in-situ stress magnitude and orientation and the resulting stress regime around the studied wells have been several application in secondary recovery programs from hydrocarbon reservoirs as well as wellbore stability analysis. In this paper, the magnitude of in-situ stress is estimated by using abovementioned data in some oil wells located in the south west of Iran. Increasing the oil production by hydraulic fracturing design and sand control in the multi-layer reservoirs such as the Marun giant oil field with loose sand horizons and also improving drilling performance in the Gachsaran formation¬ requires knowledge about the prevailing stress conditions. This research, tries to analyze the stress regime of the Asmari and Gachsaran Formations around the selected wells in the Marun and Lali fields using constructed Mechanical Earth Models (MEM) and their differences are discussed. The calculated stress magnitudes in studied wells indicate a significant drop in magnitude of horizontal stresses from the Gachsaran to Asmari reservoirs in the Marun oil field. The magnitudes of the three principal stresses resulted that SHmax is the maximum principal stress and the Shmin is the minimum principal stress, thus a strike-slip stress regime (SHmax>Sv>Shmin) dominates in the Gachsaran sequence and the Asmari formation of the Lali oil field. however, in the Gachsaran formation of Marun giant oil field, stress regime is reverse-strike slip but normal stress regime is dominated in it's Asmari reservoir. The In-situ stress condition indicates that the structural condition and the depth difference of these structures plays an important role in the tectonic stress regime changes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - Active Tectonics Zonation in Saveh Area, SW Tehran
bijan abdollahi Hossein Hajialibeigi

Geomorphic indexes can be a useful tool for investigating the impact of active tectonics and the identification of related anomalies, especially in areas that quantitative research work has been done. The study area is a part of the Central Iranian structural-sedimentar More

Geomorphic indexes can be a useful tool for investigating the impact of active tectonics and the identification of related anomalies, especially in areas that quantitative research work has been done. The study area is a part of the Central Iranian structural-sedimentary zone, located in the Saveh area. By studying the geological and topographic maps and using digital elevation data, it was evaluated the rate of relative active tectonics of this area, using some of the geomorphic indexes such as Hi, Re ,Bs, AF, Vf, Vc, V, SL, Smf and Iat. These indexes which have been measured and compared in eight fronts and nine basins (Shur-payeinii, Lar, Bidlu, Amirabad, Shur-baleii, Eshtehard, Buin Zahra, Arab and Kharrud) resulted to present the active tectonic zonation map for the study area. The measured Hi index shows the relative maturity of all basins and the Arab basin has the most relative tectonic activity compared to other basins. The Re index shows the highest elongation for Lar, Bidlu and Kharrud basins and the least elongation for Shur-payeinii basin. The AF index shows the highest uplift for the Bidlu basin, which is located on the right side of this basin. Vf, Vc and V indexes represent the lowest rate of activity in the valleys which are located on the border between the Shur-baleii and Amirabad basins, the southern part is the Lar basin and the border between Amirabad and Bidlu basins. The Kharrud, Buin Zahra and Arab basins are the most active basins based on the SL index. The Smf index indicates the high activity for all basins. According to active tectonic zonation map, it is possible to show that on the border between the Eshtehard, Shur-baleii, Lar, Bidlu and Amirabad basins which are located in 1 class, have the highest degree of activity. These basins are affected by behavior Jaru, Gomorkan, Ipak, Takidagh, and Alishar faults. Other parts along the mountain fronts are also located in 2 class and are active. The low-lying areas (Kharrud, Buin Zahra and Arab basins) located in 3 class, have the least degree of activity. The highest rate of SL index is for Kharrud, Buin Zahra and Arab basins. This high rate resulted to the seismic and active Ipak fault. According to Smf index, Amirabad basin is the most active basins. Vf index represent the lowest rate which are located on the border between the Shur-baleii and Amirabad basins. This border is located on Jaru and Gomorkan faults. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - Determining the deposits attributed to the Gurpi Formation based on the calcareous nannofossil located in SW Borojen, Chahar-Mahal and Bakhtiyari provinces
Saeideh Senemari Fariba Foroughi

20.1001.1.17357128.1398.13.50.1.5

Calcareous nannofossils are useful in determining the relative age of the Cretaceous strata. In this study, the Gurpi Formation with a thickness of 445 m at the Kuh-e Sabz syncline located in southwest of Borojen city is investigated based on the calcareous nannofossils More

Calcareous nannofossils are useful in determining the relative age of the Cretaceous strata. In this study, the Gurpi Formation with a thickness of 445 m at the Kuh-e Sabz syncline located in southwest of Borojen city is investigated based on the calcareous nannofossils. As a result of this study, 20 genera and 37 species of calcareous nannofossil were identified. Based on distribution of these index calcareous nannofossils, seven bio-zones were recognized including: Calculites obscurus Zone (CC17/ late Santonian- early Campanian), Aspidolithus parcus Zone (CC18/ early Campanian), Calculites ovalis Zone (CC19/ late Early Campanian), Ceratolithoides aculeus Zone (CC20/ late Early Campanian), Quadrum sissinghii Zone (CC21/ early Late Campanian), Quadrum trifidum Zone (CC22/ late Late Campanian) and Tranolithus phacelosus Zone (CC23/ latest Campanian–early Maastrichtian), that corresponding to upper part of NC17 - NC20 and UC13-UC17. Based on the identified zones, the age of the studied intervals is Late Santonian/Early Campanian to latest Campanian/early Maastrichtian. The study of the Gurpi Formation in the Kuh-e Sabz syncline, shows that the sedimentation began at the Late Santonian/Early Campanian time and continued up to the latest Campanian/early Maastrichtian. Then, with a sudden drop in the depth of sedimentary basin, the Tarbur Formation gradually deposited on the top of the Gurpi Formation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - Analysis of stress regime in Shah Deniz oilfields and wellbore stability, in south Caspian Sea basin
Parvaneh Alizadeh Saeid Mohammad Hassanpour sedghi Ali Kadkhodaie Malek Mohammad Gity

20.1001.1.17357128.1398.13.50.3.7

Wellbore instability is one of the main problems during drilling of oil and gas wells. Analyzing and wellbore instability prediction is important. In-situ stress measurement and stress regime are important for stability studies. This study was carried out in one of the More

Wellbore instability is one of the main problems during drilling of oil and gas wells. Analyzing and wellbore instability prediction is important. In-situ stress measurement and stress regime are important for stability studies. This study was carried out in one of the oilfields in the south Caspian basin in Iran. The compressional stress regime in the studied field was determined based on regional stress indicators and larg scale tectonic observations. . This study presented the effect of borehole inclination and azimuth on borehole stability under reverse fault regimes. The magnitude of stresses was determined from measured sonic velocities, density log and predicted pore pressure utilizing the Eaton method. In this study, the modified Lade model have been utilized to perform stability calculation for different inclinations and azimuths. In this study, to perform stability calculation with the use of STABview software is presented. It is shown that drilling wells parallel to maximum in-situ horizontal stress (NE-SW) causes less stability problems. The results of this study could help in the mitigation and/ or prevention of wellbore stability issues in this oilfield. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - Determining the source of mineralizing fluid in Gol-e-Zard Zn-Pb deposit, Aligudarz using geochemical and fluid inclusion studies
Ali Reza Zarasvandi Mona Sameti Zahra Fereydouni Mohsen Rezaei Hashem Bagheri

20.1001.1.17357128.1398.13.50.5.9

The Gol-e-Zard Zn-Pb deposit is located in northeastern of the Aligudarz region (Lorestan province). This deposit is exposed in phyllite and meta-sandstones of upper Triassic-Jurassic of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone. The mineralization includes sphalerite, galena and chalco More

The Gol-e-Zard Zn-Pb deposit is located in northeastern of the Aligudarz region (Lorestan province). This deposit is exposed in phyllite and meta-sandstones of upper Triassic-Jurassic of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone. The mineralization includes sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite, which are mainly along quartz veins. Two mineralized horizons are phyllite with high mineralization and meta-sandstone with low mineralization. The mineralogical studies show that galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite are metallic ores and quartz is also the most abundant gang mineral in the studied deposit. The evidence indicate that the mineralization of the Gol-e-Zard deposit is syngeneic and epigenetic. The most significant structural pattern is the stratabound mineralization in the region. The aim of this study is to determine the type and characteristics the mineralizing fluid in the discriminating of mineralized horizons, besides the determining of source of the fluid in the Gol-e-Zard deposit. LREE enrichments (La/Lu average 4.8) and positive Eu anomalies (average 1.2) indicate the anoxic condition and hydrothermal fluids. Fluid inclusion data shows homogenization temperatures of 139-199.5°C, salinity 5.21-30.38 wt%equ.NaCl and density 0.9-1.1 gr/cm3 in this deposit. Investigation of evolution path of the fluids shows isothermal mixing of fluids during mineralization that comprises the mixing of magmatic water with sea water and also meteoric water. Thus, the mineralization can be summarized as: expulsion of the hydrothermal fluids from the depth, entering into sea water and reducing the temperature of hydrothermal fluids due to mixing with sea water, ascending to the sea level, moving through sediments and circulating in void spaces of and then the leaching of metals from sediments and deposited along the void space and quartz veins. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - Geology, geochemistry and genesis of the iron mineralization in Jurassic volcano-sedimentary sequence of the Dash Aghol deposit, Northeast of Bukan, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone
Sajad Maghfouri Mahdi Movahadnia Mehadi Moradi

20.1001.1.17357128.1398.13.50.6.0

The Dash Aghol iron deposit is located in the northeast of Bukan city and is hosted by Jurassic volcano-sedimentary sequence. The main host rock of the Dash Aghol deposit includes sandstone, limy tuff and limestone. Based on geometry of ore body, two different types of More

The Dash Aghol iron deposit is located in the northeast of Bukan city and is hosted by Jurassic volcano-sedimentary sequence. The main host rock of the Dash Aghol deposit includes sandstone, limy tuff and limestone. Based on geometry of ore body, two different types of mineralization were distinguished in Dash Aghol deposit: lenticular primary mineralization which occurred as parallel and concordant with layering of the host rocks. Ore textures of this type include massive, laminated and disseminated forms existing in sandstone, limy tuff and limestone. Second type, includes supergene vein-veinlet and open space filling mineralization which is associated with faults and related brecciated zones and were occurred in hanging wall rocks of the primary ore lense. According to the stratigraphy, ore body form, texture, paragenetic sequences, ore bearing chert-carbonate- tuff facies and mineralogy, the iron mieralization in Dash Aghol deposit is stratiform tuff carbonate-sandstone host rocks deposits, in rolcano-sedimentary sequence of Jurassic, which were precipitated in shallow marine environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

67 - Application of EPM model in soil erosion evaluation (Case study, Shazand watershed-Saveh Dam)
Ali Mohammad Rajabi Adel Yavari Hamid Reza Soloki

20.1001.1.17357128.1398.13.50.7.1

In this paper, the Shazand catchment area have been simulated using the geographical information system (GIS) with an accuracy of 10 × 10 meters and various parameters required in the form of digital layers in the ArcGIS environment. Then, using the EPM model, the ero More

In this paper, the Shazand catchment area have been simulated using the geographical information system (GIS) with an accuracy of 10 × 10 meters and various parameters required in the form of digital layers in the ArcGIS environment. Then, using the EPM model, the erosion zoning map of this basin located around the Saveh dam was prepared and its annual precipitation rate was estimated. In the following, the output of the model was compared with the hydrometric method. According to the results of EPM model, sediment yield from stations of Poledoab, Bazaneh, Toureh and Shazand using EPM model are 288103.81, 18963.83, 43079.2 and 20583.76 respectively, whereas hydrometric method shows values 335285.42, 23937.42, 36459.09 and 42781.69 ton per year, respectively. Also comparison of EPM model with hydrometric method shows a good correlation. Results show accuracy of 86%, 82%, 48% and 79% for Poledoab, Toureh, Shazand and Bazaneh stations, respectively. Assessments show that EPM model with acceptable accuracy provides good results in order to predict the mximum annual sediment yield. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

68 - Ore-forming fluid source and effective parameters in the gold deposition at the Dashkasan deposit (NE Qorveh): structure, microthermometry and O-H stable isotopic evidences
Mohammad Moradi zahra Alaminia Ebrahim Tale Fazel Reza Alipoor

The Takab-Qorveh magmatic lineament between the Urumieh-Dokhtar and the Sanandaj-Sirjan zones contains important gold mines such as Dashkasan and Zarshuran. The Dashkasan deposit is located in the Kurdistan province and is one of the largest gold deposits in the Middle More

The Takab-Qorveh magmatic lineament between the Urumieh-Dokhtar and the Sanandaj-Sirjan zones contains important gold mines such as Dashkasan and Zarshuran. The Dashkasan deposit is located in the Kurdistan province and is one of the largest gold deposits in the Middle East domain. The gold is mainly hosted by porphyritic dacite and breccia. In spite of detailed previous studies, there is still debate regarding the genesis of the Dashkasan. Herein, this study present the source and evolution of the mineralizing fluids using the fluid inclusion and stable isotopic investigations. At Dashkasan, the breccia and mineralization are constrained by the steep NNE-SSW-trending faults. Alteration zones on the surface are phyllic, silicification, tourmalinization, argillic and minor propylitic. Sulfide minerals consist of pyrite, marcasite, arseno-pyrite, stibnite, chalcopyrite and to lesser amounts of bornite, sphalerite and galena associated with quartz, tourmaline, sericite, calcite and chalcedony. Result of microthermometry measurements shows a range of homogenization temperatures between 183-260 °C with salinities of 15.97 to 17.06 wt % NaCl equiv. The oxygen isotope composition of fluid in quartz ranges from 6.6 to 9.9 ‰, while, the tourmaline has δ18Oﬂuid values are in the ranges of 8.5 to 12.3‰. Also, the δDﬂuid values of the quartz and tourmaline ranges between -51 to -81 and -93 to -111‰, respectively. Integrating with previous studies, all these data, suggest a migration from a porphyry gold system (stage-I) with a magmatic source to a low-sulphidation epithermal (stage-III). Stage-II occurred simultaneously with the collapse and eruption of crater. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

69 - Occurrence of copper mineralization of Abgareh deposit based on geology, mineralogy and geochemical evidences, south of Damghan
Raziyeh Mahabady Mohammad Hassanpour sedghi

The Torud-Chah Shirin volcanic-sedimentary arc, in the south of Kavir-e-Chah Jam depression (SE of Damghan), hosted many Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag and Au occurrences and deposits. Abgareh copper deposit is located in the northeastern part. Field and petrographic studies indicate t More

The Torud-Chah Shirin volcanic-sedimentary arc, in the south of Kavir-e-Chah Jam depression (SE of Damghan), hosted many Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag and Au occurrences and deposits. Abgareh copper deposit is located in the northeastern part. Field and petrographic studies indicate that deposit area consist of andesite, basaltic andesite and basalt rocks and to a lesser extent crystal tuffs with a middle–upper Eocene age. The rocks are of high-K, calc-alkaline to shoshonitic in nature, and are formed in a magmatic arc setting in a subduction zone. According to the field observations and mineralogical studies, the mineralization in the region occurred in two stages: hypogene and supergene and weathering. Hypogen zone minerals are generally pyrite, chalcopyrite and bornite, while chalcocite, covellite, malachite and chrysocolla are considered as the main minerals in the supergene zone. Fractures resulting from faults in the rocks of the region created a favorable location for the influence of hydrothermal solution and it is considered as the main controller of mineralization. Most of the textures observed in the mineralization include vein-veinlets, open space filling, radial, replacement and disseminated forms. Geochemical studies indicate that copper has the most relative correlation with silver. Since silver has not been found as an independent crystalline phase, therefore copper was replaced by silver in chalcopyrite and chalcocite. Compared with chondrite and primitive mantle normalizing diagrams, the studied rocks show significant enrichment with respect to LREE and LILE and depletion in HREE and HFSE and negative anomalies in Ti and Nb elements. Based on the relevant diagrams, differential crystallization of mantle rocks had the essential role in the evolution of the studied rocks which were probably derived from enriched mantle. Based on petrography, structural control of mineralization, alteration type and its extention and simple mineralogy, it can be concluded that mineralization at Abgareh district has characteristics of an individual mineralization system. This system is related to evolution of hydrothermal fluid mineralization resulted in vein-type Cu mineralization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

70 - Geomechanical zonation of the Faraghan, Zakeen and Sarchahan formations based on incorporation of rock mechanical and sedimentological studies, in one of the Persian Gulf oil fields
Mehran Kalhori Hooshang Mehrabi Ebrahim Sefidari Hasan Eshraghi Behnam Vaez Livari

Geomechanical studies have important applications in various topics such as wellbore stability, well completion, well orientation, hydraulic fracturing plans and operations, sand production and hydrocarbon fields subsidence. It is necessary to prepare earth mechanical m More

Geomechanical studies have important applications in various topics such as wellbore stability, well completion, well orientation, hydraulic fracturing plans and operations, sand production and hydrocarbon fields subsidence. It is necessary to prepare earth mechanical model of the well in the field. In addition, one of the necessary subjects to prepare mechanical earth model (MEM) is providing continuous rock mechanical parameters in the well. Rock mechanical parameters change by any variation in lithology. In this study, rock mechanical parameters are provided in continuous form, for Faraghan, Zakeen and Sarchahan formations for a field in the Persian Gulf and these parameters are clustered. Clustering resulted in recognizing six clusters with various rock mechanical characteristics. Petrographic study (i.e. determining facies, cementation and diagenesis) recognized five facies with different petrographic and cementation characteristics. These facies include quartz arenite and arkosic sandstones, shales, red mudstone and carbonates. A correlation between sedimentary and geomechanical facies was found. According to petrographic and geomechanical studies, the studied interval was divided into 7 sections. Accordingly, variation of rock mechanical parameters with regard to change in lithology was investigated. In addition, the impact of rock composition, cementation and compaction changes on rock mechanical parameters were evaluated as well. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

71 - The carbonate hosted epithermal gold mineralization in the Kavand, Southwest of Zanjan
Nadia Partak Masoud Alipour-Asll

The Kavand area is located in the southwest of Zanjan, in Soltanieh district in Central Iran zone. Mineralization is hosted by upper Precambrian-lower Cambrian sedimentary sequences, and it is mainly associated with the dolomitic rocks of the Soltanieh Formation. Minera More

The Kavand area is located in the southwest of Zanjan, in Soltanieh district in Central Iran zone. Mineralization is hosted by upper Precambrian-lower Cambrian sedimentary sequences, and it is mainly associated with the dolomitic rocks of the Soltanieh Formation. Mineralization appears as massive, vein-veinlets and karst open space filling. Dominant alterations include iron-oxide, carbonate and silicic types. The ore minerals conist of hematite, specularite, gold, chalcopyrite pyrite, chalcocite, covellite, malachite, azurite, goethite and limonite, while quartz, barite, calcite and dolomite are gangue minerals. The Fe and Au are important ore-forming elements in this area. The average content of Fe and Au in the Kavand mineralization is 15.7% (Max. 28.4%) and 1.3 ppm (max. 14.6 ppm), respectively. Geochemical data represent a high positive correlation between Au with Ag, As, Sb, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Ba. Fluid inclusion studies on quartz from samples with quartz+sulfide+gold and iron oxides+barite+quartz+gold mineral associations indicate that average temperature was 277.84 ºC and salinity was 3.67 wt. % NaCl. Mineralization is likely formed under pressures below than 200 bars and a depth over than 700 m. The multi-element microprobe analyses of gold grains from stream sediments demonstrate that Au and Ag contents are dominant in the composition of Kavand gold index. The chemical composition of the Kavand gold particles compared with those from various gold deposits proves their epithermal source. The Kavand mineralization can be considered as a carbonate rock-hosted epithermal gold deposit. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

72 - Structural controls on the hydrogeochemistry of Azarshahr travertine springs, NW Iran
Karim Taghipour Mohammad Mahdi Khatib Mahmod Rez Heyhata Abdol Rez Vaezihir Esmail Shabanian

Travertine deposits in Azarshahr, NW Iran, are one of the most extensive travertine deposits in the world. The process of travertine deposit is currently active in the several springs. It was used a multidisciplinary approach to determine the source of fluids and struct More

Travertine deposits in Azarshahr, NW Iran, are one of the most extensive travertine deposits in the world. The process of travertine deposit is currently active in the several springs. It was used a multidisciplinary approach to determine the source of fluids and structural characteristics of travertine springs. Results of in-situ measurements and type of travertine deposits, demonstrate that the springs are of thermogenic type with hydrothermal sources. Hydrogeochemical diagrams and ionic ratios represent that the type of spring waters are calcium carbonate, with increased sodium and chloride ions levels due to mixing with brine waters. Geophysical studies showed that these brines originated from the Urmia Lake or related brines, which are intruded through fracture systems to relay zones of faults and mixed with hydrothermal bicarbonate-saturated fluids. This phenomenon shows that hydrochemistry of travertine springs are affected by Urmia Lake or related brines. Manuscript profile

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73 - Biotite mineral chemistry, geothermobarometry and the role of total Al content of biotite in distinguishing of mineralization in the Touyeh- Darvar granitoid, SW of Damghan, Eastern Alborz.
Azin Naderi Habibolah Ghasemi Lamberini Papadopoulou

Touyeh- Darvar granitoid pluton is situated in the south of eastern Alborz zone (45Km SW of Damghan in Semnan province). This pluton has intruded into the late Paleozoic formations (including Barut and Lalun). Based on the field observations and petrographic studies, th More

Touyeh- Darvar granitoid pluton is situated in the south of eastern Alborz zone (45Km SW of Damghan in Semnan province). This pluton has intruded into the late Paleozoic formations (including Barut and Lalun). Based on the field observations and petrographic studies, the pluton is composed of monzonites, quartz monzonite and monzodiorite. In terms of mineralogy, the Touyeh- Darvar granitoid consists of plagioclase, orthoclase, quartz, ± hornblende and ±biotite. Accessory minerals consists of ilmenite, magnetite, zircon, apatite, titanite and pyrite. Sericite, epidote, calcite, and chlorite are considered as secondary phases. The iron-rich biotite is the most significant mafic mineral which are situated in the alkaline and anorogenic biotite fields. The total Al content of biotite in granitic rocks can be a useful indicator for distinguishing between mineralized and non-mineralized granitic rocks. The presence of mineral veins from oxides and hydroxides of iron and manganese, fluorite, barite, lead and zinc in the host rock of this pluton also confirms that the biotite composition is useful for mineralization potential study of this pluton. Applying the thermometry based on the Ti content of biotite and barometery based on total Al content of biotite resulted in calculating temperature ranges of 650–730°C and pressures lower than 1Kb for stopping the exchange and final equilibrium of this mineral in the pluton. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

74 - Estimating the rate of shortening and the role of decollement in western Kopet-Dagh deformation
Moayyed zahra Tashakkory Hossenzadeh Manouchehr Ghoreshi Asadolah Bayrami. J. A Mohsen Pourkermani

The kopet- Dagh zone undergone subsidence and deposition of sediments after middle Cimmerian orogeny in middle Jurassic to Eocene. Its shortening resulted from the Zagros orogeny in Paleogene. In order to identify the minerals at the detachments, XRD analysis was carrie More

The kopet- Dagh zone undergone subsidence and deposition of sediments after middle Cimmerian orogeny in middle Jurassic to Eocene. Its shortening resulted from the Zagros orogeny in Paleogene. In order to identify the minerals at the detachments, XRD analysis was carried on the samples of Shemshak and Chamanbid Formations. On the other hand, the estimated shortening in the west and central Kopet-Dagh in two north-south cross-sections, were calculated in the 3D software of Move-Midland Valley, using previous data, field observation, geological maps and satellite images. The study of the three-dimensional cross sections, which is considered to be the innovations of this research, in the Move software has shown that most of the anticlines of the region are asymmetric due to the operation of detachment horizons. The results of the analyses indicate that the Shamshak Formation has more potential for developing detachment surfaces than the Chamanbide Formation. The reason for this detachment surface is due to thickness and mineralogy of the Shemshak Formation. On the other hand, by using geometric relationships, the depth of detachments was calculated for the main folds. In most of the detachments, this depth was calculated at lower levels of the Shemshak Formation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - Separation of geochemical anomalies from the background by using concentration-number fractal methods in the Veshnavah Area (South of Qom)
Zahra Mohammadi Asl Abdollah Saidi Mehran Aryan Ali Solgi Taher Farhadinejud

20.1001.1.17357128.1399.14.53.2.9

In this study, the concentration-number fractal method was used for regional exploration studies, and determining the anomalies of copper, lead and zinc elements. For this purpose, 800 samples of stream sediments were selected from the rivers in the area (i.e. from Kaha More

In this study, the concentration-number fractal method was used for regional exploration studies, and determining the anomalies of copper, lead and zinc elements. For this purpose, 800 samples of stream sediments were selected from the rivers in the area (i.e. from Kahak and Aran geological maps, 1: 100,000 sheets) and then the anomalies of these elements were mapped. The results show that strong copper anomalies are observed in the northern, central, southern and western parts of the area and the highest lead anomalies are located in the western part of the area. Strong anomalies of the zinc element are located in the central, southern and western parts of the region. These anomalies coincide with the lithological units of andesitic- basalt lava, volcanic breccia, tuffs, dacites, small scale masses of quartz -diorite, and small-scale masses of quartz-monzonite. The obtained map from combining anomalies and faults map reveals that the anomalies are mostly concentrated in fault zones and fault intersection points in the area and faults play a fundamental role in ore mineralization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - Separation of geochemical anomalies from the background by using concentration-number fractal methods in the Veshnavah Area (South of Qom)
Mohammad salehi HamidReza Nasseri Masoumeh Ahangari Fatemeh Asgari Gholam Abbas Fanaei Kheirabad Farshad Alijani

20.1001.1.17357128.1399.14.53.1.8

In this study, the concentration-number fractal method was used for regional exploration studies, and determining the anomalies of copper, lead and zinc elements. For this purpose, 800 samples of stream sediments were selected from the rivers in the area (i.e. from Kaha More

In this study, the concentration-number fractal method was used for regional exploration studies, and determining the anomalies of copper, lead and zinc elements. For this purpose, 800 samples of stream sediments were selected from the rivers in the area (i.e. from Kahak and Aran geological maps, 1: 100,000 sheets) and then the anomalies of these elements were mapped. The results show that strong copper anomalies are observed in the northern, central, southern and western parts of the area and the highest lead anomalies are located in the western part of the area. Strong anomalies of the zinc element are located in the central, southern and western parts of the region. These anomalies coincide with the lithological units of andesitic- basalt lava, volcanic breccia, tuffs, dacites, small scale masses of quartz -diorite, and small-scale masses of quartz-monzonite. The obtained map from combining anomalies and faults map reveals that the anomalies are mostly concentrated in fault zones and fault intersection points in the area and faults play a fundamental role in ore mineralization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - Comparison of hydrothermal alteration features (zones) of Torud-Chah Shirin magmatic Arc in north and south of the Torud village using Aster image and chemical analyses
Masoud Akhyani Mahdi Kharghani Farhang Sereshgi Morteza rahimi

Torud - Chah Shirin volcanic-plutonic complex, related to Eocene series, is located about 130 kilometers south of Shahrood, in the south and north of Torud village. This zone is located in 54˚20' to 55˚20' east longitude and 35˚10' to 35˚40' north latitude. The presence More

Torud - Chah Shirin volcanic-plutonic complex, related to Eocene series, is located about 130 kilometers south of Shahrood, in the south and north of Torud village. This zone is located in 54˚20' to 55˚20' east longitude and 35˚10' to 35˚40' north latitude. The presence of several mineral occurrences, especially base metal veins of epithermal origin and the intrusion of igneous acidic to intermediate bodies in volcanic rocks of the area caused different alternation and mineralization in some parts of the area and increased the economic importance of the magmatic complex for geological studies. False color composites (FCC), band ratios (BR) and spectral angle mapping (SAM) which were performed on ASTER dataset for discrimination of alteration of argillic, advanced argillic, phyllic and prophyllitic zones and evaluation of results by XRD analysis, are the fundamental information for this research. The field studies and XRD analyses of different zones resulted in adaptation with logical operator algorithms and revealed unremarkable volcanic alteration zone in the south of Torud, in comparison with volcanic zone in the north of Torud. In addition, altering in threshold of algorithm band ratio can be used to find better results in discrimination of argillic and phyllic alterations. Then based on the presence of indicator minerals of advanced argillic alteration in the north of Torud, like alonite and prophillite, the optimal threshold for discrimination of this zone from argillic zone by logical band ratio algorithm was determined. The results were evaluated as acceptable, compared to field study. On the other hand, spectral character of remarkable minerals of this zone, like chlorite and epidotite, in band ratio of Aster 8(9+7) with threshold of 2.3, is reported appropriate for land surveying of proplitic zone in the north and south of Torud village. Manuscript profile

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