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    Iranian Geological Quarterly

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    • Open Access Article

      1 - Balanced Cross Sections and Determine of Shortening in North Makran Ophiolite Mélange, Southeastern Iran
      Azizollah Tajvar Mohammad Mahdi Khatib Mohamad Hossian Zarinkoub
      Issue 66 , Vol. 17 , Summer 2022
      The geometrical and kinematic characteristics of structural elements of north Makran have been measured and analyzed in five structural sections. Then, by using of balance cross sections and restoring the structures to their original state, the amount of shortening has More
      The geometrical and kinematic characteristics of structural elements of north Makran have been measured and analyzed in five structural sections. Then, by using of balance cross sections and restoring the structures to their original state, the amount of shortening has been determined in different parts of the area. The Bashagard, Dranar, Abenma, Koh Bahark and Vernach thrust faults with a WNW-ESE trend and 20 to 35 degrees dip towards the NNE are the main deformation controllers in this region and are the main cause of shortening. The excellent fit between N209/09 principal stress axis calculated based on the geometry of thrust faults and compression axis that formed folds, indicates that these structures were formed as a result of the same tectonic regime. The difference in the amount of shortening in different parts of the north Makran ophiolite mélange of is also directly related to the thrust faults. So that, in western part of north Makran, thrust faults caused shortening amount 22.66, 22.85 and 14.32% in structural sections A-A', B-B' and C-C' respectively,. In the eastern parts, due to the lack of thrust faults and the presence of more strike-slip faults, the amount of shortening has decreased to 4.52% and 6.67%, respectively, in the sections D-D' and E-E'. Balanced cross sections and restoring the structures to the pre-deformation stages represent the narrow width of the early oceanic basin in the north of Makran. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      2 - Paleoflora and Paleoclimate of Norian (Late Triassic) in Iran
      JAVAD SAADATNEJAD
      Issue 66 , Vol. 17 , Summer 2022
      Rock beds containing plant macrofossils of Norian in Alborz region belong to two stratigraphic units of Lalehband and Shahmirzad. The same beds in Kopeh-Dagh area belong to Mian-Kuhi Formation and in Central Iran belong to Qadir submember in Tabas region and Dehroud mem More
      Rock beds containing plant macrofossils of Norian in Alborz region belong to two stratigraphic units of Lalehband and Shahmirzad. The same beds in Kopeh-Dagh area belong to Mian-Kuhi Formation and in Central Iran belong to Qadir submember in Tabas region and Dehroud member in Kerman region. In general, plant diversity and vegetative cover during the Norian stage is less than Rhaetian especially Jurassic (Shemshak group) and the highest plant diversity of Norian in the Alborz basin is related to the phyllum of Pteridospermophytes (seed ferns) and in the Central Iran basin is related to the phyllum of Pteridophyta (ferns) indicating the higher humidity of the mentioned time in Central Iran basin and the drier climate in Alborz basin. The highest diversity of vegetation in Norian sediments throughout Iran belongs to the seed ferns (Pteridospermophyta) and the lowest diversity belongs to Ginkgophytes so that they comprise 32% (one third of the vegetation) and 6.5% of the total vegetation, respectively. Plant-covered areas throughout Alborz were interconnected during the Norian period and there was no extensive separation between them. The plant macrofossils assemblage in both Alborz and Central Iran basins confirms the relatively humid subtropical to tropical climate for the Norian but less humidity compared to the Rhaetian. Also, the vegetation of Norian in Alborz was less dense and scattered than Central Iran during Norian. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      3 - The history of deposition and post-deposition and their effects on the reservoir quality of Asmari Formation in Ahvaz oilfield
      Akbar Heidari Milad Faraji Narges Shokri
      Issue 66 , Vol. 17 , Summer 2022
      The carbonate interval of the Asmari formation along with sandstone deposits were deposited in most areas of the Zagros sedimentary Basin, including the Ahvaz area, in Oligo-Miocene. In this study, the effects of depositional and post-depositional environments on the re More
      The carbonate interval of the Asmari formation along with sandstone deposits were deposited in most areas of the Zagros sedimentary Basin, including the Ahvaz area, in Oligo-Miocene. In this study, the effects of depositional and post-depositional environments on the reservoir quality of zone A7 of the Asmari Formation in well No. 4 in Ahvaz oil field were studied. The study of the sequences of the Asmari Formation in this section led to the identification of 11 carbonate facies, one evaporite facies, one mixed carbonate-siliciclastic facies, and one siliciclastic facies. Sedimentary environments of tidal zone, lagoon, coral reef and open sea were introduced for the depositional environment of identified facies. Due to the absence of sudden changes, it seems that the studied deposits were deposited in a ramp-type carbonate platform that was influenced by siliciclastic sediments from the Zagros river systems. The immature sedimentary texture of the sandstone facies indicates the proximity of the origin of the quartz sources to the carbonate basin. Among the diagenetic processes that have affected the examined sequences, the following processes can be mentioned: micritization, cementation, neomorphism, physical and chemical compaction, dissolution, fracture development and filling, dolomitization, and anhydritization. These diagenetic processes occurred in post-depositional marine, meteoric and burial diagenetic environments. Many fractures were filled with petroleum, which indicates that fractures, along with dolomitization, chemical compaction, and fenestral pores, are among the most important post-sedimentation complications to increase reservoir quality. While cementation and anhydritization resulted in reducing the reservoir quality by closing the pore spaces . Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      4 - Isotopic geochemistry of Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd and 40Ar-39Ar dating of Ghoshchi gabbros, north of Uromiyeh, northwest of Iran
      Sh. Shahabi Hadi Shafaii Moghadam Ghasem Ghorbani
      Issue 66 , Vol. 17 , Summer 2022
      The studied Ghoshchi complex gabbros are located in the north of Uromiyeh city and NW of Central Iran structural zone. These rocks are intruded into the Cadomian basement, and late diabasic, granitic and aplitic dikes crosscut these gabbros. Clinopyroxene and plagioclas More
      The studied Ghoshchi complex gabbros are located in the north of Uromiyeh city and NW of Central Iran structural zone. These rocks are intruded into the Cadomian basement, and late diabasic, granitic and aplitic dikes crosscut these gabbros. Clinopyroxene and plagioclase are the main minerals of the gabbros. These rocks are characterized by relatively low 87Sr/86Sr (0.703280-0.704343) ratios. Their isotopic signatures indicate a within plate environment for the formation of gabbros and derivation from an enriched mantle source. 40Ar-39Ar dating shows 316.55±1.68 Ma (Carboniferous period) as minimum age and are related to almost early phases of Neotethys opening. The Ghoshchi gabbros are originated more likely from a spinel-garnet lherzolitic mantle source with about 5% partial melting. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      5 - Assessment and zoning of hazards related to likely eruption of Sabalan volcano
      Ahmad Abbasnejad Ahmad khayatzadeh Hojatollah Ranjbar Hamid Ahmadipour behnam Abbasnejad
      Issue 66 , Vol. 17 , Summer 2022
      Sabalan is one of dormant stratovolcanoes of Iran with likely eruption, because there are many thermal springs around it. It has a slightly- eroded cone and, geologically, a short time has passed from its last eruption. According to eruption regime of such volcanoes, as More
      Sabalan is one of dormant stratovolcanoes of Iran with likely eruption, because there are many thermal springs around it. It has a slightly- eroded cone and, geologically, a short time has passed from its last eruption. According to eruption regime of such volcanoes, as well as its former activities, Sabalan volcanic eruptions may happen along with such hazards as tephra, lava, pyroclastic flows and lahars. Its eruption intensity on VEI scale is anticipated to be 3 to 5. Whenever this volcano shows awakening evidence, it would be necessary to take appropriate actions according to hazard zoning maps which are the subject of this study. That is, these maps are necessary for taking emergency actions. In this study, digital elevation data (DEM); satellite pictures; Arc GIS, ENVI and VORIS softwares; as well as atmospheric data of NCEP/NCAR center were used. For construction of pyroclastic density current spreads, the Malin and Sheridan (1982) model was employed. For preparation of lava flow hazard map, simulation model was used, and for preparation of lahar hazard zones, major valleys on the cone and its surroundings were identified and buffered using DEM and satellite data. According to this study, volcanic ashes will move eastward and threat Ardabil city and several nearby villages. Lahars would threaten many surrounding land uses and probably Meshkinshahr and Ardabil cities. Lava flows would damage many mountaineering shelters and ski facilities of Alvares. Additionally, Meshkinshahr, Moil, ski resorts as well as many shelters are at the threat of nuee ardentes. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      6 - Sedimentary coppers as gemstone: a case study of copper mineralization in the alluvial sediments of the southern plain of Rafsanjan
      H. Zand-Moghadam Amir hossein Tahernia H. Ahmadipour
      Issue 66 , Vol. 17 , Summer 2022
      The Pliocene-Quaternary sediments of the southern plain of Rafsanjan (west of Kerman province), have a variety of sedimentary copper minerals which can be used as gemstones and suitable for minerals/rocks colledctioners. The most important copper identified minerals inc More
      The Pliocene-Quaternary sediments of the southern plain of Rafsanjan (west of Kerman province), have a variety of sedimentary copper minerals which can be used as gemstones and suitable for minerals/rocks colledctioners. The most important copper identified minerals include malachite, azurite, atacamite and paratacamite. Copper mineralization in this sequence is observed in three forms: cement (in conglomerates), nodules (in sandstones and tuffaceous mudstones), and alternating parallel to cross-laminations with calcite (travertines). The first two groups have only a decorative value, but the third group has the potential for jewelry making and is therefore presented as a gemstone. The leaching of copper from porphyry copper deposits in the upstream area (related to the Dehj-Sardouyeh belt) followed by the enrichment and deposition of copper in the young deposits downstream is considered the most probable model for the copper mineralization in the studied deposits. These deposits are called as exotic copper deposits. Manuscript profile
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    • Open Access Article

      1 - Introduction of Mari Copper Deposit as a Stratabound Manto-Type Copper Deposit in Tarom Zone, Northwest of Iran
      Mehadi Moradi Sajad Maghfori Mohsen Moayyed Vahid Faridasl
      Issue 38 , Vol. 10 , Summer 2016
      Similar to other deposits of this type in the world, three major stages could be considered for mineralization in Mari copper deposit. The Mari Copper deposit is located in the northwest of Iran and Tarom metallogenic zone in the north of Zanjan. The ore-body is strata- More
      Similar to other deposits of this type in the world, three major stages could be considered for mineralization in Mari copper deposit. The Mari Copper deposit is located in the northwest of Iran and Tarom metallogenic zone in the north of Zanjan. The ore-body is strata-bound and hosted by the Eocene mega-porphyritic andesites. The major copper sulfides are bornite, chalcocite, and chalcopyrite associated mainly with pyrite that represent open-space filling, disseminated, vein-veinlet, and replacement textures. The volcanic rocks of the study area mostly represent intermediate to acidic composition with high potassium shoshonitic magmatic series related to intra-arc rift environments. Wall rock alterations include carbonatization, chloritization, epidotization, and sericitization. The abundances of Cu and Ag in fresh mega-porphyritic andesite are up to 3200 and 216 ppm respectively. Based on the main characteristics of Mari ore body such as tectonic setting, host rock, strata-bound form, mineralogy, metal content, and wall rock alterations and comparison of these features with Manto - type copper deposits, Mari Cu deposit can be introduced as a Manto -type Cu deposit in NW Iran. The first stage includes submarine volcanic activity and eruption of mega-porphyritic andesitic lava associated with regional propylitic alteration. In the second stage, the early diagenesis and the activity of sulfate-reducing micro-organisms resulted in the generation of pyrite in the form of open-space filling and disseminated in the mega-porphyritic andesite. Finally, in the third stage, increasing of the thickness of sediments, basin subsidence, and burial diagenesis accompanied with the entry of metal-rich fluids into the reduced host rock, caused the replacement of the first stage pyrites by copper sulfides and mineralization in the Mari deposit. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      2 - Seismic hazard assessment of the city of Khoy using deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis approaches
      Nasim Rahmani  Abasfam
      Issue 30 , Vol. 8 , Summer 2014
      Construction of new cities or development of old towns in an area requires geological and geophysical (seismic) studies. The city of Khoy is one of the developing cities that have to be study. Therefore, the Deterministic and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA More
      Construction of new cities or development of old towns in an area requires geological and geophysical (seismic) studies. The city of Khoy is one of the developing cities that have to be study. Therefore, the Deterministic and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA and PSHA) approaches have been used to assess seismic hazards and earthquake risk in the city. For this purpose, analyses have been carried out considering historic and instrumented earthquakes, geologic and seismotectonic parameters of the region covering a radius of 100 km with the city of Khoy in the center. Therefore, the main faults and fault zones in the study area were studied and length and distance of each fault from the center of the city of Khoy was calculated. At the next step, the Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) have been measured using both DSHA and PSHA approaches and also equations presented by different researchers. DSHA Results show that the MCE and PGA values are 6.5 and 0.31g, respectively. PSHA results indicated that the MCE evaluated value is 6.1 for a 0.64 probability in a 50-years period. The period of this earthquake is 110 years and its probability will be 0.009 per a year. The occurrence probability of earthquakes with magnitude equal or greater than 7.1 is 10% and for earthquakes with magnitude equal or greater than 6.3 is 50% for the study area. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      3 - Study of mineral chemistry, geothermobarometry and tectonic setting of gabbroic rocks from north-west Hamedan, Iran
      عادل ساکی Hooshang Pourkaseb Alireza Zarasvandi Milad Jahani Maryam Dorani
      Issue 53 , Vol. 14 , Spring 2020
      The study area is geologically located in the northern area of the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone. Based on petrographic study, the main minerals consists of plagioclase, pyroxene, amphibole and biotite and the accessory minerals are chlorite, muscovite, ilmenite and More
      The study area is geologically located in the northern area of the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone. Based on petrographic study, the main minerals consists of plagioclase, pyroxene, amphibole and biotite and the accessory minerals are chlorite, muscovite, ilmenite and zircon. The obtained results from the mineral chemistry in this study indicate that the amphiboles are calcic amphiboles, and in terms of chemical composition they can be called pargasit, tschermakite and magnesiohomblende. Plagioclases are also andesian. Due to the low Na2O content, it can be concluded, that tectonically these amphiboles are of S-Amph type and are related to the subduction zones. Based on the high levels of Al2O3, the origin of amphiboles is mantle-type. Therefore, due to the ratio of Fetot (Fetot + Mg+2) to AlIv, which is less than 0.6, the oxygen fugacity was high. On the other hand, the water levels vary from 2 to 2.3 for hornblende crystallization. Different methods were used to perform thermobarometry, the best of which showed that the formation temperature of gabbroic mass has been in the range of 700°C (in average) and a pressure of 4.45- 7.52 Kb. According to the estimated pressures, the magma was originated at a depth of 25-30 Km, which is near the Moho discontinuity. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      4 - Comparison of the MLP and RBF Neural Networks for the Determination of Confined Aquifer Parameters
      Tahereh Azari Nozar Samani
      Issue 36 , Vol. 9 , Winter 2020
      In this paper, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are designed for the determination of confined aquifer parameters: transmissibility and storage coefficient. The networks are trained for the well function of c More
      In this paper, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are designed for the determination of confined aquifer parameters: transmissibility and storage coefficient. The networks are trained for the well function of confined aquifers. By applying the principal component analysis (PCA) on the training data sets the topology of the MLP and RBF networks is reduced and fixed to [1×12×1] and [1×14×1], respectively regardless of number of records in the pumping test data. The networks generate the optimal match point coordinates for any individual real pumping test data set. The match point coordinates are then incorporated with Theis analytical solution (1935) and the aquifer parameter values are determined. The generalization ability and performance of the developed networks is evaluated with 100000 sets of synthetic data and their accuracy is compared with that of type curve matching technique by two sets of real pumping test data. The results showed that though both MLP and RBF networks are able to determine the confined aquifers parameters and eliminate graphical error inherent in the type curve matching technique but the MLP network is more accurate than the RBF network. Therefore, the proposed MLP network is recommended as an accurate automatic and fast procedure for the confined aquifer parameters estimation. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      5 - Optimization of DRASIC Model for assessment of groundwater vulnerability to nitrate pollution in Kashan Aquifer using statistical methods and sensitivity analysis
      faeghe samadi
      Issue 35 , Vol. 9 , Autumn 2015
      In this study, the optimized DRASTIC model parameters and land use layer (LU) were used to assess specific vulnerability in Kashan aquifer using statistical methods. Information layers were prepared, rated (deterministic and fuzzy-statistical), weighted (original and st More
      In this study, the optimized DRASTIC model parameters and land use layer (LU) were used to assess specific vulnerability in Kashan aquifer using statistical methods. Information layers were prepared, rated (deterministic and fuzzy-statistical), weighted (original and statistical) and combined (by Index-Overlay method) in GIS environment. For optimization of DRASTIC model, nonlinear regression for fuzzy-statistical rating (scaling) and Pearson correlation coefficients between nitrate concentrations and scaling parameters of DRASTIC model and sensitivity analysis (removal and single-parameter) were performed to determine and modify weighted parameters. As a result, RASIC-LU model with statistical rating and weighting, single-parameter sensitivity analysis, determined the best selection model based on correlation coefficient = 61.1%, P-Value= 0.001 and with parameters of net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, impact of vadose zone, hydraulic conductivity and land use with weight values of 2.50, 4.63, 4.15, 3.03, 1.96 and 2.00 respectively. According to this model, western and southern parts of the aquifer has a high and very high pollution risk due to high net recharge, pollutant land use and coarse-grain material in the impact of vadose zone, soil and aquifer media. In addition, sensitivity analysis based on mean squares error (MSE) indicated that this model is more sensitive to removal and increase of parameters weight of land use, soil media, impact of vadose zone, aquifer media, net recharge and hydraulic conductivity, and shows a decreasing ternd, respectivily. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      6 - Assessment of interpretation methods to calculate aquifer transmissivity from single-well step drawdown aquifer test
       Hatefi  Etebari  Delkhahi Gholam Abbas Fanaei Kheirabad  Shahsavari
      Issue 32 , Vol. 8 , Winter 2015
      Since the measured well drawdowns in a single well test does not reflect the aquifer head loss and covering linear and nonlinear well losses, the calculations based on the observed head loss from a pumping well, cannot get a precise estimate of the hydrodynamic paramete More
      Since the measured well drawdowns in a single well test does not reflect the aquifer head loss and covering linear and nonlinear well losses, the calculations based on the observed head loss from a pumping well, cannot get a precise estimate of the hydrodynamic parameters of the aquifer. But when an inexpensive and rapid estimation of aquifer transmissivity is required, using the collected data from a single pumping well is amongst the attractive options. Several methods for estimating borehole loss components has been proposed by various researchers. In this study, methods proposed by Eden-Hazel, Hantush-Biershenk, Kasinow, Miller-Weber and Karami-Younger; suggesting to calculate well loss component (CQn) were assessed to determine the transmissivity of the aquifer using measured head losses from both the pumping well and the adjacent piezometer from some aquifer tests conducted on a number of exploration wells of Khorasan (Razavi and Southern) provinces. The calculated well loss components using Eden-Hazel, Hantush-Biershenk, Kasenow and Miller-Weber methods has a significant difference to the simulated well losses using piezometric data. Karami-Younger method has been able to calculate the CQn value more accurately, about 25% to the simulated value. However, an accurate CQn estimate did not necessarily concluded to an acceptable aquifer transmissivity calculation. In the other words, the results of implementation of this method is more sensitive in sediments with high permeability and lower well losses. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      7 - Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the Shirinabad clay-bauxite deposit, south-east of Gorgan
        Zahra Moridi
      Issue 39 , Vol. 10 , Autumn 2016
      The Shirinabad clay-bauxite deposit with more than 1 km long and about 8 m in thickness is located in 60 km south-east of Gorgan. The Shirinabad deposit has been developed as a stratiform horizon along the contact zone of Triassic dolomitic limestones and Jurassic sh More
      The Shirinabad clay-bauxite deposit with more than 1 km long and about 8 m in thickness is located in 60 km south-east of Gorgan. The Shirinabad deposit has been developed as a stratiform horizon along the contact zone of Triassic dolomitic limestones and Jurassic shales and sandstones. The basal contact zone of the horizon is mainly undulatory, whereas the upper contact zone is concordant with the hanging-wall shales and sandstones. The rocks within the horizon show pelitomorphic, microgranular, oolitic and pisolitic textures. Textural analysis indicates both allochthonous and autochtonous origins for the Shirinabad deposit. Based on textural and mineralogical evidences the deposit can be divided into four distinct units. Kaolinite, anatase, routile, bohemite, hematite, goethite and berthierine are the principal constituents. From geochemical data, it is concluded that the Shirinabad deposit probably originated from basaltic volcanic rocks. Combination of mineralogical and geochemical data shows that the Shirinabad deposit formed in two stages. First, bauxite materials and clay minerals were developed as authigenic bauxitization processes of alkaline basaltic parent rock. Then, these materials were transported to karst depressions and formed the Shirinabad clay-bauxite deposit. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      8 - Microfacies, Sedimentary Environment and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Qom Formation, Deh Namak, Northwest of Garmsar
      Jahanbakhsh Daneshian  Asadi Mehmandosti yousef ramezani
      Issue 41 , Vol. 0 , Spring 2017
      Deh Namak section is exposed along the most northern point of the Qom Formation, where the Central Iran zone and Alborz zone come together. The study of microfacies, sedimentary environments and sequence stratigraphic features of the Qom Formation in this area can h More
      Deh Namak section is exposed along the most northern point of the Qom Formation, where the Central Iran zone and Alborz zone come together. The study of microfacies, sedimentary environments and sequence stratigraphic features of the Qom Formation in this area can help to understand the situation of the Qom sedimentary basin in the northern part, bordering the Alborz zone. 166 samples of the Qom Formation in Deh Namak section in the northwest of Garmsar are investigated. Microfacies analysis of these sedimentary rocks indicates that according to sedimentary environment they consist of nine microfacies belonging to four facies belts including tidal flat, agoon, shoal/reef sediments and slope of platform. Due to the absence of the gravitational and turbidity sediments and abundance of reef/shoal sediments, a rimmed carbonate shelf depositional environment is suggested in which more sediments were precipitated in shallow water. In this model, deep facies of the basin did not spread and the deepest facies belong to the slope. Also, sequence stratigraphic studies show that the Deh Namak section is composed of four sedimentary sequences of third- order, two types II and one type I sequence boundaries were recognized in this formation. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      9 - Evaluation of the environmental impacts of ore by means of pastakia method (case study: bafgh north anomaly iron ore)
      Lamberini Papadopoulou Mohammad reza  Elmi Ali reza ehsanzadeh سجاد  بهرامی
      Issue 36 , Vol. 9 , Winter 2020
      Evaluating the environmental effects is one of the appropriate ways to achieve the sustainable development that can be considered as a planning tool for managers and programmers. The environmental impacts of Bafgh Anomaly Iron ore have been studied. In this regard, the More
      Evaluating the environmental effects is one of the appropriate ways to achieve the sustainable development that can be considered as a planning tool for managers and programmers. The environmental impacts of Bafgh Anomaly Iron ore have been studied. In this regard, the most important environmental and economical-social factors that are influenced by project were identified by preparing the checklist from experts and proficient’s opinions. Subsequently, based on the Pastakia matrix method, the environmental impact assessment of project was carried out in both construction and exploitation steps. Results show that 2 positive medium effects, 1 positive low effect, 4 positive negligible effects, 7 negative negligible effects, 2 negative low effects and 3 negative medium effects are observed in environments in structural step, while 2 positive medium effects, 2 positive low effects, 3 positive negligible effects, 5 negative negligible effects, 2 negative low effects and 3 negative medium effects exist in exploitation step. Also, the environmental management and monitoring was prepared for all divisions, so that, in physical division, the air, soil and sound parameters should be continuously measured, in biological division, diversity, density, regeneration and migration of and fauna and flora should be controlled seasonally, and also the leakage and dispersion of sewages and wastes and dusts should be continuously monitored. About natural events, crisis management and risk evaluation should be done seasonally. Also, Public contribution and attaining satisfaction of society and their continuous notification and increasing the environmental knowledge of staff should be performed. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      10 - The Impacts of the North Tabriz Fault on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the neighbor aquifer in the East of Tabriz City, Iran
      ebrahim rajabpour Abdorreza Vaezi hir
      Issue 42 , Vol. 11 , Spring 2017
      The North Tabriz Fault (NTF) is the most prominent tectonic structure in the Northwest of Iran. The results of this study show that this fault has a major impact on hydrogeological conditions of the local aquifer. Plio-Quaternary volcanic ash and tuff layers constitute More
      The North Tabriz Fault (NTF) is the most prominent tectonic structure in the Northwest of Iran. The results of this study show that this fault has a major impact on hydrogeological conditions of the local aquifer. Plio-Quaternary volcanic ash and tuff layers constitute the only unconfined aquifer of this area which directly lies on Miocene red marl as aquifer bed rock. Northern part aquifer bed rock is placed in the higher level than the southern part. This could be the reason for the existence of the reverse dip-slip movement of fault in this area, which causes the northern part (hanging wall) trust over the southern part (footwall). Sharp differences in aquifer bed rock level at relatively low distances (less than 200 m), can be a sign of near-vertical slope of fault in this area. An obvious groundwater level differences which reaches to more than 8 meters, along with the apparent differences between groundwater qualities across the fault at a low distance (about 200 meters) show a barrier behavior of fault. Total depth of the southern part wells is four times compared to the northern parts. Total annual discharge of southern part wells is about eight times of northern parts. Total hardness and ions concentrations of groundwater samples shows that most of the northern part samples are not suitable for drinking purposes, but the southern part samples are suitable. Also, all of the northern part samples have the negative Langelier index (corrosive). All of the southern part samples have the positive (very close to zero) Langelier index and suitable for industrial usages. Therefore this is a reason why most of industries in this area were located in the southern part of the fault. Manuscript profile
    Upcoming Articles

    • Open Access Article

      1 - Petrography and geochemistry of igneous rocks and antimony mineralization in Lakhshak, northwest of Zahedan, southeastern Iran
      Mohammad Boomeri *, Halimeh Mojadadi Habib Biabangard
      Abstract: The Lakhshak Sb index is located in northwest of Zahedan in the Sistan suture zone. The geological units of the area are metamorphosed flysch, granitoid pluton, acidic and basic dikes, mineralized and un-mineralized silicic veins. According to geochemical st More
      Abstract: The Lakhshak Sb index is located in northwest of Zahedan in the Sistan suture zone. The geological units of the area are metamorphosed flysch, granitoid pluton, acidic and basic dikes, mineralized and un-mineralized silicic veins. According to geochemical studies, Lakhshak igneous rocks are calc-alkaline, high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic, metaluminous and belong to volcanic arc, and collisional and post-collisional tectonic settings. The study igneous rocks are characterized by LREE and LILE enrichment relative to HREE and HFSE. Enrichment of Pb and depletion of Zr, Nb and Y are more consistent with melts generated from the lower crust. The Sb mineralization in the Lakhshak is an epithermal type that mainly occurs as quartz-stibnite veins in flysch-like rocks and associated with silicic, argillic and phyllic alterations. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      2 - Morphotectonic Investigation of Talkhab and Tozlugl faults and their role in the formation of the Meyghan Wetland, Arak
        Masomeh Molaei
      Meyghan lake of Arak is located at the boundary of the metamorphic zone of Sanandaj- Sirjan and Urmia-Bazman. The two main faults of Talkhab and Tozlugol (Tabarte) play a key role in the formation of this basin by right lateral movement and northwest - south east trend. More
      Meyghan lake of Arak is located at the boundary of the metamorphic zone of Sanandaj- Sirjan and Urmia-Bazman. The two main faults of Talkhab and Tozlugol (Tabarte) play a key role in the formation of this basin by right lateral movement and northwest - south east trend. In this study, morphotectonic indices were investigated to study the tectonic activity of these two faults. Altimeter integral index, Asymmetry index,Stream length gradient index, Basin shap factor Including measured indicators. Investigating the relative active tectonic using the above indicators shows that the Arak region has a moderate to high relative activity. Particularly, the separation region between the two Talkhab and Tozlugol faults is more active than other regions. The graben of the Meyghan Desert is formed due to the activity of the Tabakh and Thouzlugal faults during the Pleistocene by right lateral transpression zone. The southwestern side of the lake is in accordance with the Tozlugol fault. It seems that according to the morphometric studies of this area, the activity of the Talkhab fault is more than the Tozlugol fault and plays a more important role in the formation of the Meyghan lake. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      3 - Garmichay metapelites, NW Iran: whole rock chemistry, mineral chemistry, provenance and metamorphic conditions
      Amir Mahamed Mohsen Moayyed Monir Modjarrad
      In order to study the provenance and metamorphic conditions of the Garmichay metapelites located in Northern Miyaneh, NW Iran the whole rock chemistry of this assemblage is investigated. Petrofabric scrutinizes have revealed the syn-tectonic nature of cordierite porphyr More
      In order to study the provenance and metamorphic conditions of the Garmichay metapelites located in Northern Miyaneh, NW Iran the whole rock chemistry of this assemblage is investigated. Petrofabric scrutinizes have revealed the syn-tectonic nature of cordierite porphyroblasts (regional metamorphism) in the metapelites. Besides, C' shear band structures are observed. Two regional metamorphic (RMP1, RMP2), one contact metamorphic (CMP) and two deformation (D1, D2) phases are identified. The major oxide geochemistry implies two sedimentary progenitors: shale and greywacke. Based on major, rare earth and trace elements (Ti, Ni, TiO2, Zr and K2O) the igneous source rock has had andesite to dacite/rhyodacite nature. The chemical index of alteration and weathering indexes (CIA, CIW) imply a medium degree of alteration in the igneous progenitor. The Garmichay metapelites, in comparison with the PAAS and UCC, are enriched in Cs, La and Ce and depleted in Sr, Nb and Ta. The representative samples in the compatibility diagrams lie inside the paragenetic triangles that imply their stable conditions. Finally, based on the standard pseudosections the temperature and pressure range of the highest degree paragenesis has been 535-635 °C and 1-3 kb, respectively. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      4 - Determination of paleo-stress based on the study of discontinuities and folds in Zagros Collision Zone Case Study of Kermanshah Region
      سپیده  رضابیک   Mehran Aryan  
      The studied zone is in the Northern part of Zagros Suture Zone (Kermanshah) the existance deep sea sediments, oceanic crust remnants, platform carbonates, igneous and metamorphosed rock of active margin and carbonate sequence of passive margin that are assembled in the More
      The studied zone is in the Northern part of Zagros Suture Zone (Kermanshah) the existance deep sea sediments, oceanic crust remnants, platform carbonates, igneous and metamorphosed rock of active margin and carbonate sequence of passive margin that are assembled in the studied area show a tectonical pressure system from the late Cretaceous up to now . This convergent area has provided a very complicated structural zone. This convergent area has provided a very complicated structural zone. The main purpose of this study is stress characteristic analysis in Zagros Suture Zone (Kermanshah).To recognize and study the arrangement of stress axes a great amount of data has been gathered from the folds axial surface and the faults which are appeared within the rocks specially the radiolaritic rocks. The data includes characteristics of fault surface geometry, fault slip and lineation slip. The stress recording patterns for data in this study is Multiple Inverse Method and comparison with stress position by using folds axial surface. By studing folds we obtained the situation of main stress σ1, σ2 and σ3 respectively is 029, 127, 234and by using the method Multiple Inverse Method, the situation of main stress is obtained 059, 304, 194. Based on the investigations in the study area and measurements on Cretaceous rocks, the results show that the main stress direction since Cretaceous up to now is northeastern with minor changes. The estimations of stress direction were the same in both cracks and faults. As a result, the shortening direction has been constant, so the shortening faults all show one direction of stress. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      5 - Integration of remote sensing and magnetometry methods for exploration of iron deposit in the Maragh district of Bandar e Charak
      Reza Ahmadi Abdorreza  Gharah Sheikh Bayat
      In the present research, to identify potential and existence of possible iron ore-bearing in the Maragh district of Bandar e Charak in Hormozgan province, first, remote sensing studies using Aster sensor data through ENVI were conducted. Afterward the preliminary explor More
      In the present research, to identify potential and existence of possible iron ore-bearing in the Maragh district of Bandar e Charak in Hormozgan province, first, remote sensing studies using Aster sensor data through ENVI were conducted. Afterward the preliminary exploration of promised regions was performed by magnetometry method. Remote sensing operation of the region data comprises preprocessing sequences of geometric correction by image-to-image method and atmospheric correction as well as processing techniques containing false color composite, banding ratio, least square-fit, directed principal component analysis and finally supervised classification through spectral angle mapper method. Because of this process, alteration-zoning map associated with iron mineralization in the studied region was produced. Magnetic data was acquired in an area of approximately 11.2 km2 in 1913 measuring stations using a proton magnetometer. Geosoft Oasis montaj software was employed for processing operation and qualitative interpretation of magnetic data via applying various corrections and filters including reduce to pole, upward continuation up to the variety of elevations, low-pass filter, derivative filters containing total horizontal derivative and analytical signal. At the end, to investigate the trend of magnetic anomalies observed on the surface, determination of approximate shape of the deposit and estimation of its depth, 3-D inverse modeling of the data was carried out. The results of the research through integrating two methods of remote sensing and magnetometry with 3-D inverse modeling of magnetic data, reveal that Maragh district has a high potential from viewpoint of iron ore-bearing. The results of this research will be applied for all of the geosciences practitioner especially geologists and exploration engineers. Manuscript profile
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    Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR)
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    Kamal Khodaei (پژوهشکده علوم ¬پایه کاربردی، جهاد دانشگاهی)
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    Adabi Mohamad hosein (Shahid Beheshti University)
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    Hamidreza Naseri (Shahid Beheshti University) Mohamadreza Rezaei (Australia University) Ezatollah Raeisi (Shiraz University) Abdollah Saeidi (Geological Survey & Mineral Explorations of Iran) Seyed kazem Alavi panah (Tehran University) Fereidoon Ghazban (Tehran University) Seyed mahmood Fatemi aghda (Kharazmi University) Manuchehr Ghorashi (Geological Survey & Mineral Explorations of Iran) Mohamad Ghavidel (Tehran University) Farid Moore (Shiraz University) Reza Moosavi harami (Ferdowsi University) Saeid Mirzaei (ACECR) Mansour Vosooghi abedini (Shahid Beheshti University) Asghar Kohandel (ACECR)
    Print ISSN: 1735-7128
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    Last Update 12/7/2023