Number 43 Volume 11

Open Access Article

1 - The identification of the recharge source in the important karstic springs of Khuzestan province using stable isotopes (18O and 2H)
HamidReza Mohammadi-Behzad دکتر اسماعیل کلانتری Charchi Arash Nadri

Sabzab and Bibitalkhone Karst springs are the main discharging points of the Kamarun and Pabdeh karstic anticlines (Asmari dolomite and limestone) in Khuzestan province. The exposed surface of both anticlines are not sufficient to feed the aforementioned springs. Accord More

Sabzab and Bibitalkhone Karst springs are the main discharging points of the Kamarun and Pabdeh karstic anticlines (Asmari dolomite and limestone) in Khuzestan province. The exposed surface of both anticlines are not sufficient to feed the aforementioned springs. According to the general water balance estimation and the discharge hydrographs of springs, there are important water resources in the region (including the Shahid Abbaspour dam reservoir as well as the Shirgun anticline in the vicinity of the host anticlines of springs) which could contribute in feeding the springs. All of water resources in the target (discharge) and the recharge area were sampled during two rainy (February 2013) and dry (July 2013) periods. The origin of the spring's waters in the target area evaluated using these isotope data, as well as the local meteoric water line (LMWL) in the study area. The average elevation of the recharge area and the probable recharge fraction from the water bodies resources in the region estimated for the springs. The results show that the recharge area elevation of the springs in the target area corresponds to the recharge area elevation in the neighboring karstic anticline. It was also revealed that the Shahid Abbaspour dam reservoir participate in recharging the Sabzab spring. However, the volume of input water from the dam reservoir in comparsion to Shirgun karstic catchment is not considerable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The role of silica fractal distribution in textural evolutions and gold mineralization processes in Ramand region (Qazvin Province)
SeydReza Mehrnia

Ramand region is a part of Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt that is located among a variety of crossed faulted structures and magmatic occurrences including Paleogene rhyolite and rhyodacite formations as the major related host units to hydrothermal ore deposits. Different k More

Ramand region is a part of Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt that is located among a variety of crossed faulted structures and magmatic occurrences including Paleogene rhyolite and rhyodacite formations as the major related host units to hydrothermal ore deposits. Different kinds of clayey, silicified and Fe-rich alterations indicate a post magmatic vein type mineralization potential along Ramand crushed zones and structures. Well-developed alterations have been extended around volcanic extrusions with variety of textural zonation in quartz and chalcedonic vein systems similar to epithermal deposits. This research introduces a fractal based technique (Area-Concentration function) to obtain the priority map of Au-mineralization with an emphasis on quartzitic-pyritic textural evolutions in Ramand region. As a rule, self-organized crystallized textures (such as crustiform quartz) have more valuable ore content than glassy textures (vitrophiric), because of stepwise enrichment advantages in the hypogenic environment of epithermal deposits. Litho-geochemical sampling is the main and prior procedure for studying quartz textural zonation as well as instrumental quantitative measurement of the elements. Results showed a volcanic hosted formation with crustiform quartzitic textures is mineralized in the western part of Ramand region. Mineralized veins are specified by silica nonlinear distribution (SiO2) related to textural evolutions in the quartz-hematite facies (Au=820 ppb) as the main targets for detail explorations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Geology, alteration, mineralization and geochemical study in copper mine, Golcheshmeh Area, South of Neyshbour
Fatemeh Najmi Mazaheri Saeid saadat Azam Entezari

The Golcheshmeh copper deposit is located in the NE of Iran (south of Neyshabour) at the margin of Sabzevar Structural Zone. Based on geological and labratory studies, the outcroped rocks consist of Eocene volcanic rocks such as andesite, basaltic- andesite and basalt t More

The Golcheshmeh copper deposit is located in the NE of Iran (south of Neyshabour) at the margin of Sabzevar Structural Zone. Based on geological and labratory studies, the outcroped rocks consist of Eocene volcanic rocks such as andesite, basaltic- andesite and basalt that associated with the sedimentary and volcanosedimentry rocks including limestone, tuff and breccia. The alteration hosted andesitic layers include carbonatization, propylitization and less argilic and sericitic alterations. The carbonatization zone is the most important alteration in this area. Mineralization mainly occurs in Eocene or younger volcanic rocks as vein- veinlets, amygdaloidal fillings and some replacement and disseminated styles. According to the minerallographical studies, the main ores which contain copper are divided into oxide and sulfide types. Mineralization mainly consists of oxide phases and can be seen as contamination of fracture surfaces and filling pores or voids in the host rocks. The main oxide minerals are malachite, azurite and chrysocolla, and sulfide minerals are chalcocite, covellite, with some minor pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, digenit and also native copper. Chalcocite is the most abundant ore sulfide in this area. There are probably two generations of sulfides, the first generation is a primary ore that was formed directly in joints, cracks, and fractures from the ore-containing solution and currently is replaced by covellites; and, the second generation is chalcocite that was probably formed from the conversion of bornite and chalcopyrite through substitution under supergene conditions. In most cases, the observed intergrowth between copper ores suggests the multi-stage mineralization in this region. Geochemical studies of minor and trace elements indicate that the igneous rocks in this region are characterized by the calc-alkaline basalt characteristics and, in terms of tectonic setting, could be attributed to subduction zone-related continental arc magmatism. Moreover, based on the performed geochemical analyses, the copper grade in the region varies from 13668 to 164000 g/ton. On the basis of the results of this study and with respect to some evidences such as tectonic setting, host rock type, structure and texture of ore body, mineral paragenesis, shape of the ore body and associated elements, this area is compared to Manto type deposit located in Chile. Though there are some differences, it is suggested that golcheshmeh copper mine is classified in Cu- Manto type deposit. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Neotectonic zoning using morphometric indices in Lali – Gotvand area, Khuzestan
Tayebeh Ahmadi Aziz Rahimi Hojahallah Safari Arash Barjasteh

Quantitative assessment forms and effects of the Earth's surface and calculation of morphometry indices of rivers, river channel, and mountain fronts are the best methods for investigation of the active tectonics. The studied area is located in Dezful Embayment zone of More

Quantitative assessment forms and effects of the Earth's surface and calculation of morphometry indices of rivers, river channel, and mountain fronts are the best methods for investigation of the active tectonics. The studied area is located in Dezful Embayment zone of the Zagros Simply Folded Belt. In this study, the tectonics and regional morphotectonics of Lali – Gotvand area are interpreted using digital elevation model. This research analyzed three indices including mountain front sinuosity (Smf), ratio of valley width to valley height (Vf) and stream length-gradient index (Sl). The morphometry indices were analyzed to determine tectonic activity according to general tectonic of Simply Folded Zagros and Dezful Embayment in Lali - Gotvand region in the north east of Khuzestan. After calculating the noted indices and information integration layers, the neotectonic zoning map were prepared as tectonic activity in 4 categories: very active, active, relatively active and non-active. According to these results, maximum tectonic activities have occurred in the North East based on stream length-gradient index, in East, North East, South East based on ratio of valley width to valley height and in North East, South East and central part based on mountain front sinuosity, respectively. The neotectonic zoning map shows the highest activity in the North, North East and Center and the lowest activity in the South of the study area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Magma mixing in Dehe Bala granodiorites and their mafic enclaves, SW of Boein Zahra: Evidence for I type calc-alkaline magmatism from both lithospheric mantle and lower crustal sources
Zeynab Gharamohammadi Fatemeh Najmi

Dehe Bala granodioritic pluton with an E-W trend is exposed approximately 45 km south-west of Boein Zahra town, Qazvin province. This pluton includes several mafic microgranular enclaves (MMES) with diorite and quartz monzodiorite in composition. The ellipsoidal and rou More

Dehe Bala granodioritic pluton with an E-W trend is exposed approximately 45 km south-west of Boein Zahra town, Qazvin province. This pluton includes several mafic microgranular enclaves (MMES) with diorite and quartz monzodiorite in composition. The ellipsoidal and rounded enclaves with 2 to 30 cm in sizes have been scattered in host granodiorites. The enclaves commonly have a sharp contact with the host granodiorites. Textural evidence indicative of disequilibrium condition, include plagioclase with oscillatory zoning and repeated resorption surfaces, acicular apatite and quartz ocelli as chemical and/or thermal changes in the melt during crystal growth and as evidence for occurrence of magma mixing. The enclaves enriched in LILES and LREES and are depleted in HFSES. The SiO2 content of the granodiorite ranges from 64.2 to 66.9 wt%. They are high-k calc-alkaline in composition, displaying a metaluminous character (A/CNK<1.1). Enrichment of incompatible elements such as La, Ce, Rb, Th, K and Nd coupled with negative anomalies of Ti, Ba, Eu, Nb and P implying the role of the lower crust in the formation of the granodioritic magma, but relatively high content of Mg value (0.39 – 0.43) suggest that the granodiorites were generated by mixing of mantle-derived mafic magma with felsic melt derived by partial melting of lower crust. The MMEs are characterized by relatively low contents of SiO2 = 52.8–58.2 wt%, moderate K2O=1.4-3.8 and high Mg (0.4 -0.46). Geochemical features and values of Dy/Yb=1.6 – 1.8 in MMES suggest that enclave magmas were derived by partial melting of the mantle wedge in the spinel–garnet transition zone and they have partially evolved in contact with fusion of crust-derived felsic magmas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Magma mixing in Dehe Bala granodiorites and their mafic enclaves, SW of Boein Zahra: Evidence for I type calc-alkaline magmatism from both lithospheric mantle and lower crustal sources
Zeynab Gharamohammadi علی کنعانیان Mohsen Zargham

Dehe Bala granodioritic pluton with an E-W trend is exposed approximately 45 km south-west of Boein Zahra town, Qazvin province. This pluton includes several mafic microgranular enclaves (MMES) with diorite and quartz monzodiorite in composition. The ellipsoidal and rou More

Dehe Bala granodioritic pluton with an E-W trend is exposed approximately 45 km south-west of Boein Zahra town, Qazvin province. This pluton includes several mafic microgranular enclaves (MMES) with diorite and quartz monzodiorite in composition. The ellipsoidal and rounded enclaves with 2 to 30 cm in sizes have been scattered in host granodiorites. The enclaves commonly have a sharp contact with the host granodiorites. Textural evidence indicative of disequilibrium condition, include plagioclase with oscillatory zoning and repeated resorption surfaces, acicular apatite and quartz ocelli as chemical and/or thermal changes in the melt during crystal growth and as evidence for occurrence of magma mixing. The enclaves enriched in LILES and LREES and are depleted in HFSES. The SiO2 content of the granodiorite ranges from 64.2 to 66.9 wt%. They are high-k calc-alkaline in composition, displaying a metaluminous character (A/CNK<1.1). Enrichment of incompatible elements such as La, Ce, Rb, Th, K and Nd coupled with negative anomalies of Ti, Ba, Eu, Nb and P implying the role of the lower crust in the formation of the granodioritic magma, but relatively high content of Mg value (0.39 – 0.43) suggest that the granodiorites were generated by mixing of mantle-derived mafic magma with felsic melt derived by partial melting of lower crust. The MMEs are characterized by relatively low contents of SiO2 = 52.8–58.2 wt%, moderate K2O=1.4-3.8 and high Mg (0.4 -0.46). Geochemical features and values of Dy/Yb=1.6 – 1.8 in MMES suggest that enclave magmas were derived by partial melting of the mantle wedge in the spinel–garnet transition zone and they have partially evolved in contact with fusion of crust-derived felsic magmas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The study of geochemistry and mineralogy of the adakitic rocks in Monavvar village, North of Tabriz, NW of Iran
Mahdieh Fazelihagh Nasir Amel Ahmad Jahangiry

The study area is located 35 kilometers northwest of Tabriz. Based on stratigraphic evidences, age of volcanic rocks in Monavvar area is Mio-Pliocene and Plio – Quaternary. According to geological structure, it is part of the western Alborz – Azerbaijan zone. Most of th More

The study area is located 35 kilometers northwest of Tabriz. Based on stratigraphic evidences, age of volcanic rocks in Monavvar area is Mio-Pliocene and Plio – Quaternary. According to geological structure, it is part of the western Alborz – Azerbaijan zone. Most of the volcanic rocks are dacite, rhyodacite, andesite, basaltic andesite and trachyandesite. In the spider diagrams these rocks show enrichment of HREE and HFSE elements over LREE and LILE, depletion and negative anomalies for Ti, Nb and Ta (TNT) and Ba/Nb, Ba/Ta. These properties indicate that their formation could occur in the continental arcs and post collisional arcs. High levels of SiO2 equal to 55 to 66 %wt, low levels of MgO, Y, Yb and Sr/Y and La/Yb represent the formation of high silica adakitic magma in the region. According to this evidence and REE distribution patterns, formation of magma was probably from asthenospheric mantle garnet – lherzolite source. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Potentiometric analysis of Manjil water sediments using GIS
Nasim Heydarian Dehkordi Mohamad Hassan Tavakol Sima Pourmoammadi

Manjil 1: 50000 Sheet is located in the range of 490 30 to 490 15 longitude and 360 30 to 360 45 in geographic latitudes. This area is tectonically located in the Alborz Zone. In this area, rocks from the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras are cropped out. The vol More

Manjil 1: 50000 Sheet is located in the range of 490 30 to 490 15 longitude and 360 30 to 360 45 in geographic latitudes. This area is tectonically located in the Alborz Zone. In this area, rocks from the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras are cropped out. The volcanic rocks with basic compositon and high intensity alteration are the oldest rocks in the area. Ore minerals in this area can be categorized into mineralizations associated with intermediate to acid volcanic and mineralizations associated with felsic intrusions. The results of processing of samples showed that the Manjil study sheet had a high mineralization potential and, based on these results, several promising areas were introduced for the control field anomalies. The major anomalies are Zn, Au, Cu, Mn, Pb and Fe. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Analysis of structural relation between Hatamabad Syncline and Dasht-e-Bayaz active fault, North of Qayen - East of Iran.
Morteza gholchin Morteza Elahpour Mahmoureza Heyhat Mohammahdi Khatib

Hatamabad syncline is located 40 km north of Qayen and with an area of more than 190 km2. In this study, the geometric - kinematic analysis of this syncline was assessed to understand the genetic relation between this structure and Dasht-e-Bayaz active fault. Hatamabad More

Hatamabad syncline is located 40 km north of Qayen and with an area of more than 190 km2. In this study, the geometric - kinematic analysis of this syncline was assessed to understand the genetic relation between this structure and Dasht-e-Bayaz active fault. Hatamabad syncline is situated in Dasht-e-Bayaz fault segmentations gap and its S shape is the result of a sinisteral strike slip movement, raised a lot of questions about the effect of Dasht-e-Bayaz sinisteral fault. Geometric analysis of structural cross sections, determine maximum strain trend 221 or 41 degrees for the Hatamabad syncline. This shows good correlation with stress trend of Dasht-e-Bayaz fault. In addition mechanism of Mohammad Abad -e- Alam fault along with its stress trend 217 or 37 degrees that is obtained by right dihedral method, proves S- shape of Hatamabad syncline. Finally the Hatamabad syncline was deformed due to its location in a sinisteral transpression zone between Dasht-e-Bayaz sinisteral fault with a reverse parameter and Mohammad Abad -e- Alam reverse fault with sinisteral strike slip component. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Structural elements of southern Mahallat metamorphic complex
Somayeh Rezaeenejad Mohammadreza Sheikholeslami رامین مالدار Monieh Poshtkouhi

Metamorphic, sedimentary and igneous rocks of Precambrian to recent age outcropped in the south of Mahallat. The metamorphic rocks of the study area form the western part of the Muteh-Golpaygan metamorphic complex, situated in the central part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zon More

Metamorphic, sedimentary and igneous rocks of Precambrian to recent age outcropped in the south of Mahallat. The metamorphic rocks of the study area form the western part of the Muteh-Golpaygan metamorphic complex, situated in the central part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone. These rocks are separated from younger non-metamorphic rocks by normal faults. The main lithology is schist, marble, gneiss and amphibolite. These rocks confirm three successive and prograde deformations as well as three stages of metamorphism. The first stage of deformation created isoclinal and intrafolial folds, first generation boudins and first generation foliation in amphibolite to greenschist facieses. The second stage of deformation is identified by formation of second generation folds, second generation boudins and mylonitic foliation in a greenschist facies. Finally, the third stage of deformation occurred in ductile-brittle condition and is associated with decrease of deformation. The contact metamorphism is the result of the several intrusive rocks that were identified by formation of the metamorphic aureoles, hornfelse or scarns, and in microscopic scale by recrystallization of new minerals or obliteration of former structures. Manuscript profile

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