The identification of the recharge source in the important karstic springs of Khuzestan province using stable isotopes (18O and 2H)
Subject Areas :HamidReza Mohammadi-Behzad 1 , دکتر اسماعیل کلانتری 2 , Charchi 3 , Arash Nadri 4
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
Abstract :
Sabzab and Bibitalkhone Karst springs are the main discharging points of the Kamarun and Pabdeh karstic anticlines (Asmari dolomite and limestone) in Khuzestan province. The exposed surface of both anticlines are not sufficient to feed the aforementioned springs. According to the general water balance estimation and the discharge hydrographs of springs, there are important water resources in the region (including the Shahid Abbaspour dam reservoir as well as the Shirgun anticline in the vicinity of the host anticlines of springs) which could contribute in feeding the springs. All of water resources in the target (discharge) and the recharge area were sampled during two rainy (February 2013) and dry (July 2013) periods. The origin of the spring's waters in the target area evaluated using these isotope data, as well as the local meteoric water line (LMWL) in the study area. The average elevation of the recharge area and the probable recharge fraction from the water bodies resources in the region estimated for the springs. The results show that the recharge area elevation of the springs in the target area corresponds to the recharge area elevation in the neighboring karstic anticline. It was also revealed that the Shahid Abbaspour dam reservoir participate in recharging the Sabzab spring. However, the volume of input water from the dam reservoir in comparsion to Shirgun karstic catchment is not considerable.
حاجی علی بیگی، ح.، علوی، س.ا.، افتخار نژاد، ج. و مختاری، م.، 1391. تحليل هندسي چین‌خوردگی مرتبط با گسلش مدفون فعال بالارود، مطالعه موردي: تاقديس سياه كوه، جنوب باختر ايران. فصلنامه زمین‌شناسی ايران، 21، 39-25.
شبان، م.، 1390. تعیین حوضه آبریز و منابع تأمین آب چشمه سبزآب (شمال شرق مسجد سلیمان). پايان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز، 174 .
شرکت مهندسی مشاوره آب پژوهان خوزستان، 1392. بررسی منابع آب کارستی و ارتباط هیدرولیکی در محدوده¬های کوشک، شیمبار و چشمه بی‌بی‌تلخون، شمال شرق استان خوزستان. کارفرما: سازمان آب و برق خوزستان.
کرمی، غ.، 1372. بررسی رابطه بین عوامل مؤثر بر نفوذ آب و خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی چشمه¬های کارستی کوه¬های گر و برم فیروز. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد آبشناسی، بخش زمین¬شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، 355 .
محمدی بهزاد، ح. ر.، 1390. شناسایی منشأ تغذیه و بررسی خصوصیات فیزیکو-شیمیایی چشمه کارستی بی‌بی¬تلخون. پايان¬نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز، 193 .
محمدی بهزاد، ح. ر.، چرچی، ع. و کلانتری، ن.، 1394. بررسی رفتار هیدروژئولوژیکی چشمه کارستی سبزآب، شمال شرق استان خوزستان. فصلنامه زمین¬شناسی کاربردی پیشرفته، 15، 19-10.
نجفی، م. و یساقی، ع.، 1388. شواهد ساختاری از عملکرد گسل عرضی نظام‌آباد بر پيشاني کمربند چین‌خورده- رانده زاگرس. فصلنامه زمین‌شناسی ايران، 10، 45-37.
نریمانی، ح.، یساقی، ع. و حسن گودرزی، م.ح.، 1389. تحليل الگوي چین‌خوردگی تاقديس ميش در زاگرس چین‌خورده -رانده. فصلنامه زمین‌شناسی ايران، 15، 50-39.
Azzaz, H., Cherchali, M., Meddi, M., Houha, B., Puig, J.M. and Achachi, A., 2008. The use of environmental isotopic and hydrochemical tracers to characterize the functioning of karst systems in the Tlemcen Mountains, northwest Algeria. Hydrogeology Journal, 16(3), 531–546.
Barbieri, M., Boschetti, T., Petitta, M. and Tallini, M., 2005. Stable isotopes (2H, 18O and 87Sr/86Sr) and hydrochemistry monitoring for groundwater hydrodynamics analysis in a karst aquifer (Gran Sasso, Central Italy). Applied Geochemistry Journal, 20(11), 2063–2081.
Cartwright, I., Weaver, T.R., Cendón, D.I., Fifield, L.K., Tweed, S.O., Petrides, B. and Swane, I., 2012. Constraining groundwater flow, residence times, inter-aquifer mixing and aquifer properties using environmental isotopes in the southeast Murray Basin, Australia. Applied Geochemistry Journal, 27(9), 1698-1709.
Coleman, M., Eggenkamp, H., Matray, J.M. and Pallant, M., 1993. Reduction of water with zinc for hydrogen analyses. Analytical Chemistry, 54(6), 993–995.
Dun, Y., Tang, C. and Shen, Y., 2014. Identifying interactions between river water and groundwater in the North China Plain using multiple tracers. Environmental Earth Sciences, 72(1), 99-110.
Epstein, S. and Mayeda, T.K., 1953. Variations of the 18O/16O ratio in natural waters. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 4(213), 1702–1703.
Filippini, M., Stumpp, C., Nijenhuis, I., Richnow, H.H. and Gargini, A., 2015. Evaluation of aquifer recharge and vulnerability in an alluvial lowland using environmental tracers. Journal of Hydrology, 529, 1657-1668.
Fiorillo, F., 2009. Spring hydrographs as indicators of droughts in a karst environment. Journal of Hydrology, 373, 290–301.
Ford, D. and Williams, P., 2007. Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology. Chapman & Hall, London.
Kalantari, N., Ghafari, H.R., Keshavarzi, M.R. and Mallaei, M.R., 2011. Factors impacting on flow pattern in the Shimbar karstic area in the southwest of Iran. 9th conference on limestone hydrogeology, 257-260, Besancon, France.
Kalantari, N., Charchi, A., Mohammadi-Behzad, H.R. and Nadri, A., 2016. Bibitalkhone and Gariveh Springs paradox symbol of the Pabdeh karstic anticline in southwest Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 9(2), 1-8.
Karimi, H., Raeisi, E. and Bakalowicz, M., 2005. Characterising the main karst aquifers of the Alvand basin, northwest of Zagros, Iran, by a hydrogeochemical approach. Hydrogeology Journal, 13, 787–799.
Kanduč, T., Grassa, F., McIntosh, J., Stibilj, V., Ulrich-Supovec, M., Supovec, I. and Jamnikar, S., 2014. A geochemical and stable isotope investigation of groundwater/surface-water interactions in the Velenje Basin, Slovenia. Hydrogeology Journal, 22(4), 971-984.
Kohfahl, C., Sprenger, C. B., Herrera, J., Meyerc, H., Fernandez Chacon d. F., and Pekdeger, A., 2008. Recharge sources and hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in semiarid and karstic environments: A field study in the Granada Basin (Southern Spain). Applied Geochemistry Journal, 23, 846–862.
Lastennet, R., 1994. Role of the unsaturated zone in the functioning of karstic aquifers: approach by physical, chemical and isotopic studies of inlet signals and spring outlets in the Ventoux Mountain (Vaucluse). PhD Thesis, Avignon University, France, 116–117.
Liu, J., Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, L. and Liu, F., 2016. Stable isotope evidences on sources and mechanisms of groundwater recharge in Hohhot basin, China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(5), 1-10.
Mandić, M., Bojić, D., Roller-Lutz, Z., Lutz, H.O. and Krajcar Bronić, I., 2008. Note on the spring region of Gacka River (Croatia). sotopes in environmental and health studies, 44(2), 201–208.
Marques, J.M., Graça, H., Eggenkamp, H.G., Neves, O., Carreira, P.M., Matias, M.J., Mayer, B., Nunes, D. and Trancoso, V.N., 2013. Isotopic and hydrochemical data as indicators of recharge areas, flow paths and water–rock interaction in the Caldas da Rainha–Quinta das Janelas thermomineral carbonate rock aquifer (Central Portugal). Journal of Hydrology, 476, 302-313.
Meng, Y. and Liu, G., 2016. Isotopic characteristics of precipitation, groundwater, and stream water in an alpine region in southwest China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(10), 1-11.
Mustafa, O., Tichomirowa, M., Kummer, N.A. and Merkel, B., 2016. Assessment of water-rock interaction processes in the Karst springs of Makook Anticline (Kurdistan Region, Iraq) using Sr-isotopes, rare earth, and trace elements. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 9(5), 1-26.
Sappa, G., Barbieri, M., Ergul, S. and Ferranti, F., 2012. Hydrogeological conceptual model of groundwater from carbonate aquifers using environmental isotopes (18O, 2H) and chemical tracers: a case study in Southern Latium Region, Central Italy. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 4(09), 695-716.
Scanlon, B.R., Healy, R.W. and Cook, P.G., 2002. Choosing appropriate techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge. Hydrogeology Journal, 10, 18–39.
Schwarz, K., Barth, J.A.C., Postigo-Rebollo, C. and Grathwohl, P., 2009. Mixing and transport of water in a karst catchment: a case study from precipitation via seepage to the spring. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 13, 285–292.
Verbovšek, T. and Kanduč, T., 2015. Isotope Geochemistry of Groundwater from Fractured Dolomite Aquifers in Central Slovenia. Aquatic Geochemistry, 22(2), 1-21.
Yeh, H.F., Lee, C.H. and Hsu, K.C., 2011. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes for the characteristics of groundwater recharge: a case study from the Chih-Pen Creek basin, Taiwan. Environmental Earth Sciences, 62(2), 393–402.
Yuan, R., Song, X., Zhang, Y., Han, D., Wang, S. and Tang, C., 2011. Using major ions and stable isotopes to characterize recharge regime of a fault-influenced aquifer in Beiyishui River Watershed, North China Plain. Journal of Hydrology, 405(3), 512-521.