تعیین منشاء و ارزیابی ریسک سلامت آرسنیک در منابع آب گستره معدنی تکاب
محورهای موضوعی :راحله هاتفی 1 * , نسیم حیدریان 2
1 - پژوهشکده علوم ¬پایه کاربردی، جهاد دانشگاهی
2 - پژوهشکده علوم پايه کاربردي
کلید واژه: آرسنیک, بیماری سیستمیک, تکاب, ریسک سرطان‌زایی, منابع آبی.,
چکیده مقاله :
آرسنیک یک شبه فلز بالقوه سمی است، در صورت ورود به محیط زیست و منابع آبی می‌تواند اثرات زیان‌باری بر سلامتی انسان داشته باشد به‌طوری‌که بزرگ‌ترین خطر در معرض قرارگیری آرسنیک مربوط به آب آشامیدنی است. گستره مطالعاتی حوضه آبریز شهرستان تکاب در آذربایجان غربی است، دو معدن فعال و بزرگ طلای زرشوران و آغ دره با تیپ کارلین را در خود جای داده است. معادن طلای کارلین از نوع سولفیدی هستند که به دلیل ماهیت خود پتانسیل آلودگی منابع محیطی پایین‌دست از جمله آرسنیک را دارند. بنابراین، هدف از این مطالعه، تعیین منشاء و ارزیابی ریسک سلامت در جامعه است که در معرض آرسنیک از طریق بلع و تماس پوستی با منابع آبی آلوده است. در این راستا 45 نمونه از براساس قضاوت کارشناسی از منابع آبی به‌طور تصادفی چاه، چشمه و آب سطحی برداشت شد و به روش ICP-MS آنالیز شد و ریسک سلامتی با استفاده از خطر سرطان هدف (TR)، ضریب خطر (HQ) و شاخص خطر (HI) ارزیابی شد. نتایج کلی مبین آلودگی آرسنیک منابع آبی شرق و شمال گستره ناشی از فعالیت‌های آتشفشانی و دگرسانی کواترنری و فعالیت‌های معدنکاری است. بیشتر نمونه‌ها در بازه pH 9-10 و پتانسیل اکسایش- کاهش بین 100- تا 250- میلی ولت است که نشان‌دهنده غلبه گونه آرسنات (As5+) و به فرم H2AsO4 – است. مقدار HQ و HI در 52% از نمونه‌ها بالاتر از 10 هستند که مبین خطر بالای ابتلای جامعه در صورت مواجهه با آب آلوده هستند. مقادیر ریسک سرطان‌زایی گستره از 0 تا 2-10×7 متغیر است که مبین نبود ریسک سرطان‌زایی تا ریسک بسیار بالای ناشی از آرسنیک منابع آبی است. به‌طورکلی ریسک سرطان‌زایی و بیماری‌های غیر سرطانی در شرق و شمال گستره از دو مسیر مصرف مستقیم شامل بلع و آشامیدن و تماس پوستی به دلیل آلودگی ناشی از دو منبع زمین زاد و بشرزاد وجود دارد. بنابراین، توصیه می‌شود، توجه ویژه‌ای به پایش مستمر آلاینده‌های احتمالی، روش‌های مختلف جلوگیری از مواجهه با منابع آبی آلوده و روش‌های پاک‌سازی به‌منظور حداقل کردن خطر بهداشتی جامعه ساکن صورت پذیرد.
Arsenic is one of the heavy metals having harmful effects on human health if enters into the environment and water resources, so the major challenge of arsenic exposure is related to drinking water. The study area is Takab watershed in West Azarbaijan, which includes two large Zarshouran and Agh Dareh gold mines in Carlin type. Carlin gold mines are sulphidic that are able to pollute the downstream environmental resources such as arsenic. In this work, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with arsenic was evaluated for the human community, who are living in Takab watershed and are exposed to arsenic through oral and dermal pathways with contaminated water sources . 45 water samples were randomly collected from surface and groundwater resources in the study area with regard to expert judgment and the distribution points, analyzed by ICP-MS method. Then, the health risk was assessed using by target cancer risk (TR), risk coefficient (HQ) and index hazard (HI). The total results showed that arsenic contamination is derived from volcanic activities and Quaternary alteration and gold mining activities in the east and north of the region. Most of the samples were revealed a range of 9-10 and -100 to -250 mV as pH and oxidation-reduction potential, respectively, which indicates the predominance of arsenate species (As5+) in the form of H2AsO4-. HQ and HI values are more than 10 in 52% of the samples, which indicate the high health risk in people living in the study area. Carcinogenic risk level varies from 0 to 2×10-7, which shows no carcinogenic risk to very high risk by arsenic contamination in water resources. Overall, there are both risks of carcinogenesis and non-cancerous impact in the east and north of the region for intake by ingestion, drinking and skin contact due to water contamination from the natural and anthropogenic sources. Therefore, it is recommended to pay special attention to continuous monitoring for potential contaminant, different methods for preventing exposure to polluted water resources and treatment methods in order to minimize the health risk of the population.
باباخاني . ع. و قلمقاش . ج ، 1374 . نقشه زمين شناسي 100000/1 تخت سليمان ، چاپ سازمان زمين شناسي و اكتشافات معدني كشور.
فنودي . م ، 1377 . نقشه زمين شناسي 100000/1 تكاب ، چاپ سازمان زمين شناسي و اكتشافات معدني كشور .
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