طراحي و ساخت ميني‌پيزومتر براي اندازه‌گيري ميزان تبادل آب سطحي و زيرزميني
محورهای موضوعی :بهزاد حمامی پور بارنجی 1 , غلامعباس فنایی خیرآباد 2 , بهزاد دلخواهي 3 , راحله هاتفي 4 , مختار کرمی 5 , سيد محمد امين نجيبي 6
1 - دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
2 - دانشگاه صنعتی بیرجند
3 -
4 -
5 - دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری
6 -
کلید واژه: ميني‌پيزومتر تبادل آب سطحي آب زيرزميني,
چکیده مقاله :
بررسي تبادل آب‌هاي سطحي و زيرزميني يکي از چالش‌هاي مهم هيدروژئولوژيست‌ها است. براي محاسبه ميزان تبادل آب سطحي و زيرزميني، برآورد شيب هيدروليکي بين دو منبع آب سطحي و زيرزميني و تخمين هدايت هيدروليکي رسوبات کف رودخانه مورد نياز است. ميني‌پيزومترها تجهيزات ساده‌اي براي اندازه‌گيري جهت جريان و شيب هيدروليکي بين منابع آب زيرميني و آب سطحي هستند. ميني‌پيزومترها که غالباً به‌صورت موقت نصب مي‌شوند، کوچک مقياس شده همان پيزومترهايي هستند که به‌طور معمول براي اندازه‌گيري سطح آب زيرزميني به‌کار مي‌روند و با تلفيق اندازه‌گيري‌هاي سطح آب رودخانه مي‌توان از آن‌ها براي تعيين جهت جريان استفاده کرد. ميني‌پيزومترها به‌ويژه در جاهايي که اندازه‌گيري‌هاي زيادي مورد نياز است، کاربرد دارند. نمونه‌هاي خارجي و تجاري ميني‌پيزومترها از بازار قابل تهيه هستند که مستلزم صرف هزينه‌هاي زيادي است. هدف اصلي مقاله حاضر، طراحي و ساخت ميني‌پيزومتر براي تعيين ميزان تبادل آب بين رودخانه و آب زيرزميني است. در اين مطالعه، بر‌اساس طرح تهيه شده از ميني‌پيزومتر و استفاده از وسايلي ساده و در دسترس نظير لوله استيل، لوله آهني، ميله فولادي، شيلنگ شفاف پلاستيکي، شير گازي، پمپ مکش دستي، چکش، لوله شيشه‌اي U شکل، تخته مدرج مانومتر و استوانه مدرج پلاستيکي شفاف، اقدام به ساخت آن شده و با موفقيت در رودخانه سولقان در غرب تهران مورد آزمايش قرار گرفته است.
Understanding the interactions of ground water and surface water is one of the most important challenges among hydrogeologists. Hydraulic gradient between ground water and surface water, as well as hydraulic conductivity of streambed sediments are required to determine ground water and surface water exchanges. Minipiezometers are simple instruments that measure flow direction and hydraulic gradients between ground water and surface water. Often temporarily installed, minipiezometers are essentially small-scaled versions of piezometers, which are commonly used to make groundwater level measurements. By combining water table data with surface water level measurements, flow direction can be determined. Minipiezometers are typically used in the areas where many measurements are required. Commercial minipiezometers are available, but they are very expensive. The purpose of this paper is to design and construc a low-cost minipiezometer for measuring ground water and surface water exchanges. In this study, a minipiezometer was made by simple and available materials such as steel pipe, steel 3NPSoft rob, clear plastic hose, gas valves, hand vacuum pump, hammer, U-shape clear tubing, graduated manometer board, and graduated transparent plastic cylinder and was successfully tested in the Soleghan River in the west of Tehran.
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