Geology and gold mineralization in the west of Kasnazan, south of Saqqez, Kurdistan province
Subject Areas :Shojaeddin Niroomand 1 , Hossein Ali Tajeddin 2 * , Saba Haghiri Qazvini 3
1 - University of Tehran
2 -
3 - University of Tehran
Keywords: Orogenic gold, Fluid inclusion, Kasnazan, Saqqez,
Abstract :
West of Kasnazan gold prospect is located 14 km south of Saqqez. The rocks in the area predominantly consist of Precambrian and Cretaceous volcanosedimentary sequences of schist, phyllite and marble which are intruded by granitoid bodies. The main gold reservoir in the deposit is hosted inside a quartz syenite body that is intruded along a northwest-southeast shear zone. The high-grade gold ores belong to highly deformed mylonitic and ultramylonitic quartz syenite rocks which are associated with quartz, sericite-muscovite, carbonite and sulfide alteration minerals. Ore mineral assemblages of the deposit are simple and consist of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, magnetite, gold and iron hydroxide minerals. Gold grains with less than 40 microns in size have been found as intergrowth with quartz and also in the form of inclusions in pyrites. Fluid inclusion studies indicate homogenization temperatures between 137.4 and 240.5°C and salinity between 1.16 to 12.06 wt% NaCl eq. This study indicates that main characteristics of the geology and mineralization of the area are similar to orogenic type gold deposits.
تاج¬الدین، ح.، 1390. عوامل کنترل‌کننده کانه¬زایی طلا در سنگ¬های دگرگون‌شده منطقه سقز- سردشت، شمال‌غرب پهنه دگرگونه سنندج- سیرجان. رساله دکتری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 443.
تاج¬الدین، ح.، 1387. اکتشاف و معرفی کانه¬زایی طلا در جنوب روستای قبغلوجه (قبغلوجه جنوبی، جنوب غرب سقز، استان کردستان). سازمان زمين¬شناسي و اكتشافات معدني كشور، 25.
حريري، ع. و فرجندي، ف.، 1382. نقشه زمین‌شناسی 1:100000 سقز. سازمان زمین‌شناسی و اكتشافات معدني كشور.
حيدري، س، م.، 1383. كاني¬شناسي، ژئوشيمي و فابريك كانه¬زائي طلا در پهنه برشي خميري منطقه كرويان (جنوب¬غربي سقز، استان كردستان). پايان¬نامه كارشناسي ارشد، دانشكده علوم¬پايه، دانشگاه تربيت مدرس، 218.
علی¬یاری، ف .، 1385. کانی‌شناسی، ژئوشیمی و فابريک کانه زائی طلا در پهنه‌های بُرشي قلقله، جنوب غرب سقز، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم پايه، دانشگاه تربیت¬مدرس،270.
مقصودی، ع.، رحمانی، م. و رشیدی، ب.، 1384. کانسارها و نشانه¬های معدنی طلا در ایران. نشر آرین زمین، 388.
نصرت پور، ه.، 1386. مطالعه كانه¬زائي طلا در پهنه برشي قبغلوجه (جنوب غربي سقز، كردستان). پایان‌نامه كارشناسي ارشد، دانشگاه تهران، 130.
نیرومند، شجاع¬الدین.، 1389، بررسی¬های زمین¬شناختی، کانی¬شناختی، زمین¬شیمیایی و ژنز ذخیره معدنی طلای خراپه- زیتون¬جیان (استان آذربایجان غربی- شمال¬شرق پیرانشهر). رساله دکتری، دانشگاه شیراز، 360.
Aliyari, F., Rastad, E., Mohajjel, M. and Arehart, G.B., 2009. Geology and geochemistry of D–O–C isotope systematics of the Qolqoleh gold deposit, Northwestern Iran: Implications for ore genesis. Ore Geology Reviews, 36, 306–1314.
Goldfarb, R.J., Baker, T., Dube, B., Groves, D.I., Hart, C.J.R. and Gosselin, P., 2005. Distribution, character and genesis of gold deposits in metamorphic terranes. Economic Geology. 100th Anniversary, 407–450.
Goldfarb, R.J. and Groves, D.I., 2015. Orogenic gold: common or evolving fluid and metal sources through time. Lithos, 233, 2-26.
Goldstein, R.H. and Reynolds, T.J., 1994. Systematics of fluid inclusions in diagenetic minerals. SEPM Short, Course, 31.1–198.
Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Robert, F. and Hart, C.J.R., 2003. Gold deposits in metamorphic belts: overview of current understanding, outstanding problems, future research and exploration significance. Economic Geology, 98, 1-29.
Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Gebre-Mariam, M., Hagemann, S.G. and Robert, F., 1998. Orogenic gold deposits: A proposed classification in the context of their crustadistribution and relationship to other gold deposit types. Ore Geology Reviews, 13, 7–27.
Hall, D.L., Sterner, S.M. and Bodnar, R.J., 1988. Freezing point depression of NaCI-KCI-H2O solutions. Economic Geology, 83, 197-202.
Hass, J.L., Jr., 1971. The effect of salinity on the maximum thermal gradient of a hydrothermal system at hydrostatic pressure. Economic Geology, 66, 940-946.
Mohajjel, M., Fergusson, C.L. and Sahandi, M.R., 2003. Cretaceous-Tertiary convergence and continental collision, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, western Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 21, 397-412.
Niromand, Sh., Goldfarb, R.J, Moore, F., Mohajjel, M. and Marsh, E.E., 2011. The Kharapeh orogenic gold deposit: Geological, structural, and geochemical controls on epizonal ore formation in west Azerbaigan provience, northwest Iran. Mineralium Deposita, 46, 409-428.
Roedder, E., 1984. Fluid Inclusions. Reviews in Mineralogy, 12, 664.
Sheikholeslami, M.R., 2002. Evolution structurale et me´tamorphique de la marge sud de la microplaque de l’Iran central: les complexes me´tamorphiques de la re´gion de Neyriz (Zone de Sanandaj-Sirjan). The`se, universite´ de Brest, 194.
Shepherd, T.J., Rankin, A.H. and Alderton, D.H.M., 1985. A Practical Guide to Fluid Inclusion Studies. Blackie, Glasgow, 223.
Sterner, S.M., Hall, D.L. and Bodnar, R.J., 1988. Synthetic fluid inclusions: V. solubility relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O under vaporsaturated conditions. Geochemica et Cosmochemica Acta, 52,5, 989-1005.
Valenza, K., Moritz, R., Mouttaqi, A., Fontignie, D. and Sharp, Z., 2000. Vein and karst barite deposits in the western Jebilet of Morocco: fluid inclusion and isotope (S, O, Sr) evidence for regional fluid mixing related to central Atlantic Rifting. Economic Geology, 95,3, 587-606.
Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W., 2010. Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95,1, 185–187.
Wilkinson, J.J., 2001. Fluid inclusion in hydrothermal ore deposits. Lithos, 55, 229-272.