Facies studies and depositional environment of Sahand volcanic complex (NW of Iran)
Subject Areas :
Farhad
Pirmohammadi alishah
1
Ahmad
Jahangiri
2
Keywords: Volcanology, Volcanic facies, Sahand, Flows, Pyroclastic deposits.,
Abstract :
Sahand volcanic complex is located in the south of Tabriz and east of Urmia Lake and includes an alternation of lava, igneous materials and clastic sediments that were affected by many folds and fractures. Sahand volcano is relatively young in age (Miocene to Pliocene) and its structure is somewhat intact. Consequently, where there is a good lateral continuity, facies and volcanological studies can be carried out in the upper part of the complex. Based on these studies, it was determined that the Sahand volcanic structure can be divided into four central, near, medium and distant facies. Facies studies show that the structure of Sahand Volcano was created by several explosive phases, some of which were associated with water intrusion and there was not much time between eruptions. Characteristics, such as severe welding and discoloration of pyroclastic deposits show that these units had a high temperature at the time of formation and were formed on land. Overall, Sahand volcanic eruptions were more explosive, and thus, the number of pyroclastic deposits is much higher than lava flows. In the central, near and middle facies of Sahand, no traces of younger hydrothermal activities can be found, and only in the distant facies, there is a hot spring (Bostan Abad), the relationship of which needs further study to prove the connection of these springs with the Sahand Volcano.
آقانباتی، س.ع.، 1385. زمین‌شناسی ایران، سازمان زمین‌شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی ایران، تهران، 586.
- بهروزی، امینی فضل، و امینی آذر.، 1374. نقشۀ زمین‌شناسی بستان‌آباد در مقیاس 1:100000، سازمان زمین‌شناسی کشور.
- پیرمحمدی علیشاه، ف.، عامری، ع.، جهانگیری، ا.، مجتهدی، م. و کسکین، م.، 1392. پترولوژی و ژئوشیمی سنگهای آتشفشانی جنوب تبریز (آتشفشان سهند). پترولوژی 9،1،37-56.
- پيرمحمدي عليشاه، ف.، 1390. پترولوژي، ژئوشيمي و پتروژنز سنگ‌هاي آتشفشاني شرق و جنوب شرق آتشفشان سهند با نگرشي ويژه بر سنگ‌هاي آذرآواري، پايان‌نامه دكتري، دانشگاه تبريز، 198.
- خلیل مبرهن، ش.، 1390. آتشفشان شناسی، ژئوشیمی و پتروژنز آتشفشان بیدخوان واقع در جنوب بردسیر، رساله دکتری، استان کرمان، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، دانشکده علوم، 265.
- عامل، ن.، 1386. پترولوژی و پتروژنز سنگهای ماگمایی پلیوکواترنری آذربایجان، شمال غرب ایران، پایان‌نامۀ دکتری، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران، 188.
- غيوري، ن. و معين وزيري، ح.، 1381. مطالعۀ چينه‌شناسي، پتروگرافي و ژئوشيميايي افق‌هاي ايگنمبرينتي سهند، پايان¬نامه کارشناسي ارشد، دانشگاه تربيت معلم تهران،167.
- قلمقاش، ج. و چهارلنگ، ر.، 1393. بررسی و مقایسۀ آتشفشان‌های میوسن-کواترنری در شمال باختر ایران، قفقاز کوچک و جنوب خاور آناتولی: ژئوشیمی، خاستگاه و جایگاه زمین‌ساختی. فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی علوم زمین، 93(24)، 171-182.
- معين¬وزيري، ح.، امين¬سبحاني، ا.، 1356. سهند از نظر ولکانولوژي و ولکانوسديمانتولوژي. چاپ دانشگاه تربيت معلم تهران، 59.
- نبوي، م.، 1355. ديباچه‌اي بر زمين‌شناسي ايران، سازمان زمین‌شناسي و اكتشافات معدني كشور، 109.
-Allen, M. B., Mark, D. F., Kheirkhah, M., Barfod, D., Emami, M. H. and Saville, C., 2011. 40Ar/39Ar dating of Quaternary lavas in northwest Iran: constraints on the landscape evolution and incision rates of the Turkish-Iranian plateau. Geophysical Journal International, 185,3,1175-1188.
-Azizi, H. and Moinevaziri, H., 2009. Review of the tectonic setting of Cretaceous to Quaternary volcanism in northwestern Iran. Journal of Geodynamics, 47,4,167-179.
-Best, M. G., 1982. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 630.
-Dogan, A. M., Peate. D. W., Dogan, M., Yesilyurt-Yenice, F. I. and Unsal, O., 2013. Petrogenesis of mafic–silicic lavas at Mt. Erciyes, central Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 256, 16-28.
-Karaoglu, O. and Helvaci, C., 2012. Growth, destruction and volcanic facies architecture of three volcanic centres in the Miocene Uşak–Güre basin, western Turkey: Subaqueous–subaerial volcanism in a lacustrine setting. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245– 246, 1–20.
-Kataoka, K. and Nakajo, T., 2002. Volcaniclastic resedimentation in distal fluvial basins induced by large-volume explosive volcanism: The Ebisutoge-Fukuda tephra, Plio-Pleistocene boundary, central Japan. Sedimentology, 49, 319-334.
-Manassero, M., Zalba, P.E., Andreis, R.R. and Morosi, M. 2000. Petrology of continental pyroclastic and epiclastic sequences in the Chubut Group (Cretaceous): Los Altares-Las Plumas area, Chubut, Patagonia Argentina. Revista Geologica de Chile, 27, 13-26.
-Martina, F., Davila, F.M. and Astini, R.A., 2006. Mio-Pliocene volcaniclastic deposits in the Famatina Runges, southern Central Andes: A case of volcanic controls on sedimentation in broken foreland basins. Sedimentary Geology, 186, 51-65.
-Pike, R. J. and Clow, G. D., 1981. Revised classification of terrestrial volcanoes of topographic dimensions with new results on edifice volcano .US geological survey. Open file report,of 81-1038.
-Santacroce, R., Cioni, R., Marianelli, P., Sbrana, A., Sulpizio, R., Zancheta, G., Donahue, D. J. and Joron, J. L., 2008. Age and whole rockglass compositions of proximal pyroclastics from the major explosive eruptionsof Summa-Vesuvius: A review as a tool for distal tephrostratigraphy, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 177, 1-18.
-Sigurdsson, H., Houghton, B.F., Mc Nutt, S.R., Rymer, H. and Stix, J., 2000. Encyclopedia of volcanoes, Academic Press, 1417.
-Smith, G. A. and Lowe, D. R., 1991. Lahars: volcano-hydrologic events and deposition in the debris-flow-hyperconcentrated flow continum in Fisher RV and Smith GA (eds) Sedimentation in Volcanic Settings. SEPM Special Publication, 45, 59-70.
-Stocklin, J. and Setudenia, A., 1971. Stratigraphic lexicon of Iran. Geological survey of Iran, Tehran. tephrostratigraphy. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 177, 1-18.
-Vessell, R. K. and Davis, D. K., 1981. Non- marine sedimentation in an active Fore-arc Basin. In: Recent and ancient non- marine depositional environments: models for exploration, F. G. Etheridge and R. M. Flores (Eds), SEPM Special Publication, 31, 31-45.
-Williams, H. and Mc Birney, A. R., 1979. Volcanology. Freeman Cooper and Co, San Francisco, 397.
-Wright, J. V., Smith, A, L. and Self, S., 1980. A working terminology of pyroclastic deposits. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 8, 315-336.