هیدروژئوشیمی رودخانه گرگانرود در محدوده شهر گنبدکاووس، استان گلستان
محورهای موضوعی :
کلید واژه: رودخانه گرگانرود# کیفیت آب# گنبدکاووس# هیدروژئوشیمی#,
چکیده مقاله :
رودخانهها از منابع اصلی تأمین آب برای مصارف شرب و کشاورزی هستند و ارزیابی کیفیت آنها بسیار حائز اهمیت است. هدف از این مطالعه، تعیین فرآیندهای طبیعی و انسانی مؤثر بر کیفیت آب رودخانه گرگانرود و شاخه های فرعی آن در محدوده شهر گنبدکاووس میباشد. رودخانه گرگانرود بزرگترین رودخانه در استان گلستان (شمال شرق ایران) است. در طی سالهای گذشته این رودخانه دریافتکننده فاضلابهای مختلف شهری، کشاورزی و صنعتی بهویژه در محدوده شهر گنبدکاووس بوده است. بهمنظور ارزیابی کیفیت شیمیایی آب رودخانه گرگانرود و بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر ویژگیهای کیفی در محدودۀ مورد مطالعه، 37 نمونه آب و 6 نمونه فاضلاب برداشت شد و پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی و غلظت یونهای اصلی اندازهگیری گردید. بر اساس نتایج بهدستآمده، pH و EC نمونههای آب در محدوده شهر در اثر تخلیه روانابهای شهری و یا ورود شاخههای فرعی، که pH و EC پایینتری نسبت به شاخه اصلی دارند، کاهش مییابد. به دلیل رخداد فرآیند نیتراتزدایی، غلظت نیترات در نمونههای محدوده شهر نسبت به سایر نمونهها پایینتر است. تیپ اغلب نمونههای آب رودخانه گرگانرود و شاخههای فرعی به ترتیب سولفاته سدیک و بیکربناته سدیک میباشد. با توجه به نتایج بهدستآمده، اتصال شاخههای فرعی باعث بهبود کیفیت آب رودخانه برای مصارف شرب و کشاورزی شده است. در طی مسیر رودخانه، فرآیندهای طبیعی شامل انحلال کانیها (هالیت، ژیپس و انیدریت) و تبادل یونی، و نیز فعالیت انسان (تخلیه پسابهای کشاورزی و شهری) باعث افت کیفیت آب رودخانه شده است.
Rivers are the key resources for drinking and agricultural purposes and the assessment of water quality is very important. In this study, a detailed investigation has been made for identifying the natural and anthropogenic processes that offected the quality of Gorganrood and its tributaries water in the Gonbad-e-Kavoos district. The Gorganrood is the longest river in the Golestan province (NE of Iran). During previous years, various wastewaters (i.e. domestic, agricultural and industrial) produced in Gonbad-e-Kavoos district have been discharged into the Gorganrood. To evaluate the chemical quality of water in the study area, 37 water and 6 wastewater samples were collected. The physicochemical parameters including pH and EC were determined in situ by an EC/pH meters. The concentration of major ions was measured using the standard methods. The piper and Wilcox diagrams were used to assess the water type and water quality for irrigation, respectively. Scatter diagrams were used to assess the hydrochemical processes influencing the chemistry of the water samples. Results of this study indicate that the pH and EC values of the water samples decrease in the city district. This is due to the discharge of urban wastewaters with lower EC and pH values which leads to the dilution of the river water. The lower concentration of nitrate in water samples collected in the city district is probably due to the denitrification process. Results show that the prevailing water types of Gorganrood and its tributaries are Na-SO42- and Na-HCO3-, respectively. The entrance of tributaries enhances the Gorganrood water quality for drinking and agricultural puposes. Along the river course, the natural processes of halite- gypsum- anhydrite dissolution and ion exchange, as well as anthropogenic factors (discharge of agricultural and urban wastewaters) deteriorate the water quality.
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