Application of Sporomorph EcoGroups (SEGs) and parent plants of miospores in palaeoenvironmental recontruction of the Qadir Member (Nayband Formation), south of Tabas
Subject Areas :
Firoozeh Hashemi Yazdi
1
(Assistante Prof., Forest Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran)
F. Sajjadi Hezaveh
2
()
Narges Sadat Mirpoor Shah Abolghasemi
3
(School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran.)
Zahra Mohammadi Manesh
4
( School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran.)
Mohsen Allameh
5
(Associate Professor, Department of Geology, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch)
Keywords: Late Triassic, Nayband Formation (Qadir Member), Palaeoclimate, Sporomorph EcoGroups: SEGs, Tabas,
Abstract :
Sporomorph EcoGroups data and the relevant plant communities are considered as a possible routine used to draw palaeoecological inferences for their host strata. Occurrence of high abundant and diverse miospores in the Qadir Member (Nayband Formation), from the exploratory well no. 954 (Exploratory Area of Parvadeh 4), south of Tabas, central Iran allows for this method to be used to obtain certain palaeoecological implications. By classifying spores and pollens (sporomorphs) in Sporomorph EcoGroups (SEGs), all six plant ecogroups (including plants adapted to Upland, Lowland, River, Pioneer, Coastal, and Tidally-influenced) were identified in examined material. The high ratio of warmer/cooler sporomorphs and the low ratio of drier/wetter sporomorphs suggests deposition under a moist, ±warm climate during the Late Triassic in south of Tabas. From the investigation of miospore parent plants, it was approved that, in descending order, pteridophyta (44%), cycadophyta (34%), coniferophyta (9%), lycophyta (8%), pteridospermophytes (2%), ginkgophytes (2%) and bryophyta (1%) were surrounded the environment of the studied formation. Notable abundance of fern spores (Kyrtomisporis and Foveogleicheniidites) and cycads pollen (Ovalipollis and Ricciisporites) in the palynofloras studied indicate the predominance of warm to semi-warm climate with high humidity. Paleogeographic position of Iran during the Late Triassic in the southern active margin of Eurasia (Turan Plate) tends to support this palaeoclimate generalization.
اسدی، م. و قاسمی نژاد، ا.، 1389. پالئواکولوژی سازند نایبند در برش کوه چال سفید برزک کاشان به کمک پالینومورف‌ها، پنجمین همایش ملی زمین‌شناسی و محیط‌زیست، اسلامشهر.
اشتری، م.ا.، 1392. شناسایی و مطالعه فرامینیفر‌ها و اسفنج‌های سازند نایبند در ناحیه جنوب غربی یزد (نصرآباد)، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه پیام نور استان فارس، مرکز پیام نور شیراز، 110.
آقانباتی، ع.، 1383. زمین‌شناسی ایران. سازمان زمین‌شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 709.
آقانباتی، ع.، 1388. فرهنگ چینه‌شناسی ایران: جلد سوم (تریاس). سازمان زمین‌شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 747.
آقانباتی، ع.، 1392. زمین‌شناسی ایران و کشورهای همجوار. سازمان زمین‌شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 752.
جلالی فرد، م.، بنی اسد، م.ر. و ناظمی، م.، 1390. بیواستراتیگرافی و تعیین سن سازند نایبند در منطقه پروده، طبس بر مبنای ماکروفسیل‌های گیاهی، پانزدهمین همایش انجمن زمین‌شناسی ایران، تهران، انجمن زمین‌شناسی ایران، دانشگاه تربیت‌معلم.
علوی نائینی، م.، 1388. چکیده‌ای از چینه‌شناسی ایران. سازمان زمین‌شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 507.
قویدل سیوکی، م.، یوسفی، م. و نویدی ایزد، ن.، 1393. پالئواکولوژی پاره سازند حوض‌خان (سازند نایبند، تریاس پسین) بر مبنای ماکروفسیل‌های گیاهی در محدوده معادن زغالسنگ پروده طبس، هشتمین همایش انجمن دیرینه‌شناسی ایران، زنجان، 161 – 167.
واعظ جوادی، ف.، 1391. بیوستراتیگرافی سازند نایبند در منطقه معادن زغالسنگ پروده طبس بر مبنای ماکروفسیل‌های گیاهی، نشریه پژوهش‌های چینه‌نگاری و رسو‌ب‌شناسی، 28، 46، 143-113.
ولی‌پوری‌گودرزی، ب.، خزاعی، ا.، منانی، م. و ملول، ش.، 1394. معرفی مرجان‌های اسکلرکتینا سازند نایبند در دو برش حسن‌آباد و آبگرم (منطقه فردوس)، کنگره بین‌المللی تخصصی علوم و زمین، دوره برگزاری 34.
Abbink, O.A., 1998. Palynological investigations in the Jurassic of the North Sea region. Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Contribution Series 8, 192.
Abbink, O.A., Targarona, J., Brinkhuis, H. and Visscher, H., 2001. Late Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous palaeoclimatic evolution of the southern North Sea. Global and Planetary Change, 30(3-4), 231-256.
Abbink, O.A., Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert, J.H.A., Van der Zwan, C.J. and Visscher, H., 2004. A sporomorph ecogroup model for the Northwest European Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous II: Application to an exploration well from the Dutch North Sea. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. Geologie En Mijnbouw, 83(2), 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016774600020059.
Anderson, J. M., Anderson, H. M., Archangelsky, S., Bamford, M., Chandra, S., Dettmann, M., Hill, R., McLoughlin, S. and Rösler, O., 1999. Patterns of Gondwana plant colonization and diversification. Journal of African Earth Sciences 28,145–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(98)00083-9.
Balme B.E., 1995. Fossil in situ spores and pollen graind: an annotated catalogue. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 87 (2-4), 81-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(95)93235-X.
Barrón E., Gomez J.J., Goy, A. and Pieren, A.P., 2006. The Triassic - Jurassic boundary in Asturias (northern Spain): palynological characterisation and facies. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 138, 187-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.01.002.
Barrón E., Ureta, S., Goy, A. and Lassaletta, L., 2010. Palynology of the Toarcian - Aalenian Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) at Fuentelsaz (Lower - Middle Jurassic, Iberian Range, Spain). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 162, 11-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.04.003.
Batten, D.J. and Dutta, R.J., 1997. Ultrastructure of exine of gymnospermous pollen grains from Jurassic and basal Cretaceous deposits in Northwest Europe and implications for botanical relationships. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 99, 25–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(97)00036-5.
Benton, M.J., 2016. Primer, the Triassic. Current Biology Magazine, 26, R1205-R1225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.060.
Brenner, E.D., Stevenson, D.W. and Twigg, R.W., 2003. Cycads: Evolutionary innovations and the role of plant-derived neurotoxins. Trends in Plant Science 8, 446-45.
Boulter, M.C., and Windle, T., 1993. A reconstruction of some Middle Jurassic vegetation in Northern Europe. Special Papers in Palaeontology .49, 125-154.
Bronnimann, P., Zaninetti, L., Bozorgnia, F., Dashti G.R. and Moshtaghin, A.,1971. Lithostratigraphy ana foraminifera of the Upper Triassic Nayband Formation, lran. Revue de Micropaleontologie. 14, 7-16.
Cantrill, D.J., 1995. The occurrence of the fern Hausmannia Dunker (Dipteridaceae) in the Cretaceous of Alexander Island, Antarctica. Alcheringa 19(3), 243-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/03115519508619508
Cirilli, S., Buratti, N. and Senowbari-Daryan, B., 2005. Stratigraphy and palynology of the Upper Triassic Nayband Formation of East-Central Iran and paleoclimatological implications. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 111, 259–270. https://doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/6312.
Collinson, M.E., 1996. What use are fossil ferns? 20 years on: with a review of the fossil history of extant Pteridophyta families and genera. In: Camus, J.M., Johns, R.J. and Gibby, (eds.), Pteridology in Perspective. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 349-394.
Couper, R.A., 1960. New Zealand Mesozoic and Cainozoic plant microfossils. New Zealand Geological Survey, Palaeontological Bulletin, 32, 87.
de Jersey, N.J. and Raine, J.I., 1990. Triassic and earliest Jurassic miospores from the Murihiku Supergroup, New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey paleontological Bulletin, 62, 164.
Deng, S., 2002. Ecology of the Early Cretaceous ferns of northeast China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 119, 93-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(01)00131-2.
Dettmann, M.E., 1994. Cretaceous vegetation: the microfossil record. In: Hill, R.S. (Ed.), History of the Australian vegetation: Cretaceous to Recent. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 143–170.
Dettmann, M.E. and Clifford, H.T., 1992. Phylogeny and biogeography of Ruffordia, Mohria and Anemia (Schizaeaceae) and Ceratopteris (Pteridaceae): evidence from in situ and dispersed spores. Alcheringa, 16, 269-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/03115519208619111.
Dettmann, M.E., 1986. Early Cretaceous palynofloras of subsurface Strata correlative with the Koonwarra fossil bed, Victoria. In: Jell, P.A., Roberts, J. (Eds.), Plants and Invertebrates from the Lower Cretaceous Koonwarra Fossil Bed, South Gippsland, Victoria, vol. 3. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 79–110.
Dettmann, M.E., 1963. Upper Mesozoic microfloras from South-Eastern Australia. Proceeding of the Royal Society Victoria, 77(1), 1-148. https://biostor.org/reference/259209.
Dixon, T., 2013.Palynofacies and Palynological Analysis of Late Triassic Sediments from the Kentish Knock-1 Well (Northern Carnarvon Basin, NW Australia), MSc Thesis in Geosciences, Discipline: Environmental Geology Department of Geosciences Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 70.
Dobruskina, I.A., 1994. Triassic Floras of Eurasia. Springer, Wien, 422.
Dodd, J.R. and Stanton, J.r.R.S., 1990. Paleoecology: concepts and applications. 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, 501.
Douglas, J.A., 1929. A marine Triassic fauna from eastern Persia. Quarterly Journal of Geological Society of London, 85 (4), 624- 650. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1929.085.01-04.20.
Fakhr, M.S., 1975. Contribution a letude de la flora rheto-liassique de la Formation Shemshake de L Elbours (Iran). These, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI: Publication du laboratoire de Paleobotanique de 1’ University Paris, 2. 421.
Filatoff, J., 1975. Jurassic palynology of the Perth Basin, Western Australia. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 154(1-4), 1-113.
Filatoff, J. and Price, P.L., 1988. A pteridacean spore lineage in the Australian Mesozoic. In: Jell, P.A., Playford, G. (Eds.), Palynological and palaeobotanical studies in honour of Basil E. Balme, vol. 5. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 89-124.
Fursich, F.T., Wilmsen, M., Seyed-Emami, K. and Majidifard, M.R., 2009. Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Triassic–Middle Jurassic Shemshak Group of Northern Iran, vol. 312. The Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 129-160. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP312.6.
Galfetti, T., Pochuli, P.A., Brayard, A., Bucher, H., Weissert, H. and Vigran, J.O., 2007. Smithian/Spathian boundary event: evidence for global climatic change in the wake of the end-Permian biotic crisis. Geology, 35, 291-294. https://doi.org/10.1130/G23117A.1.
Galloway, J.M., Sweet, A.R., Swindles, G.T., Dewing, K., Hadlari, T., Embry, A. and Sanei, H., 2013. Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous paleoclimate of Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Archipelago inferred from the palynostratigraphy. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 44, 240-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.01.001.
Gonzàlez-Astorga, J., Vovides, A.P., Ferrer, M.M. and Iglesias, C., 2003. Population genetics of Dioon edule Lindl. (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): biogeographical and evolutionary implications. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 80, 457-467.
Harris, W.K., 1974. Palynology of Paleocene sediments at Site 214, Ninetyeast Ridge. In: Von Der Borch, C.C., Sclater, J.G. (Eds.), Initial Report of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 22, 503–519. https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.22.124.1974.
Hill, K.D., 2004. The world list of cycads. The Botanical Review, 70, 274-298.
Hochuli, P.A. and Vigran, J.O., 2010. Climate variations in the Boreal Triassic- inferred from palynological records from the Barents Sea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatoloy, Palaeoecology, 290, 20-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.013.
Hubbard, R.N.L.B. and Boulter, M.C., 1997. Mid Mesozoic floras and climates. Palaeontology 40 (1), 43-70.
Karimi Bavandpur, A., 2002. Geological Map of Tabas, 1: 100000. Geological Survey of Iran.
Kluyver, H.M., Tirrul, R., Chance, P.N., Johns, G.W. and Meixner, H.M., 1983. Explanatory text of the Nayband Quadrangle Map 1:250.000. Geological Survey of Iran, Geology Quadrangle j8, 143, Tehran.
Krupnik, J., Ziaja, J., Barbacka, M., Feldman-Olszewska, A. and Jarzynka, A., 2014. A palaeoenvironmental reconstruction based on palynological analyses of Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic sediments from the Holy Cross Mountains region, Acta Palaeobotanica 54(1), 35–65. https://doi.org/10.2478/acpa-2014-0006.
Kustatscher, E., Ash, S.R., Karasev, E., Pott, C., Vajda, V., Yu, J. and McLoughlin, S., 2018. Flora of the Late Triassic. L.H. Tanner (ed.), The Late Triassic World, Topics in Geobiology 46. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68009-5_13.
Kustatscher, E., van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J.H.A. and Roghi G., 2010. Macrofloras and palynomorphs as possible proxies for palaeoclimatic and palaeoecological studies: A case study from the Pelsonian (Middle Triassic) of Kühwiesenkopf/Monte Prà della Vacca (Olang Dolomites, N-Italy), Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 290, 71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.07.001.
Larsson, L.M., 2009. Palynostratigraphy of the Triassic–Jurassic transition in southern Sweden, GFF, 131:1-2: 147-163, https://doi: 10.1080/11035890902924828.
Li, L., Wang Y., Vajda, V. and Liu, Z., 2016. Late Triassic ecosystem variations inferred by palynological records from Hechuan, southern Sichuan Basin, China, Palaontologische Gesellschaft, 90 (2), 327-348.
Mädler, K., 1964. Bemerkenswetre Sporeformen aus dem Kuper und unteren Lias Fortschritte Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen, 12, 169-200.
Mander, L., Collinson, M.E. Chaloner, W.G., Brain A.P.R. and Longs, D.G., 2012. The Ultrastructure and botanical affinity of the problematic Mid-Mesozoic palynomorphs Ricciisporites Tuberculatus Lundblad. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 173(4), 429-440.
Mannani1, M. and Yazdi, M., 2009. Late Triassic and Early Cretaceous sedimentary sequences of the northern Isfahan Province (Central Iran): stratigraphy and paleoenvironments. Boletin de la Sociedad Geologica Mexicana, 61(3), 367-374. https://doi: 10.18268/BSGM2009v61n3a6.
Mazaheri-Johari, M., Kustatscher, E., Roghi, G., Ghasemi-Nejad, E. and Gianolla, P., 2021. A monotypic stand of Neocalamites Iranensis n. sp. from The Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic) of The Aghdarband area, NE Iran (Turan Plate), Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 127(2), 189-209. https://doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/15646.
McKellar, J.L., 1998. Late Early to Late Jurassic palynology, biostratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Roma Shelf area, northwestern Surat Basin, Queensland, Australia (Including phytogeographic- palaeoclimatic implications of the Callialasporites dampieri and Microcachryidites Microfloras in the Jurassic- Early Cretaceous of Australia: an overview assessed against a background of floral change and true polar wander in the preceding Late Palaeozoic- Early Mesozoic) Ph.D. thesis, Brisbane (Queensland): University of Queensland; 620.
Matsumoto, R., Zheng, Z., Kakuwa, Y., Hamdi, B. and Kimura, H., 1995. Preliminary results of paleomagnetic study on the Cambrian to the Triassic rocks of the Alborz. Northeast lran. Journal of the Faculty of Science. University of Tokyo, 22, 233-249.
Mousavi, M.G., 2002. Palynostratigraphy, paleoecology, paleogeography and sedimentary environment of the Shemshak Group (Nayband Formation) in the southern and northern slopes of Naybandan Mountain, Ph.D thesis, Islamic Azad University, Department of Science and Research: 197.
Phipps, D. and Playford, G., 1984. Laboratory techniques for extraction of palynomorphs from sediments. Department of Geology, University of Queensland, Papers. 11(1), 1-23.
Pocock, S.A., 1970. Palynology of the Jurassic sediments of western Canada. Part 1. Terrestrial species. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 130 (1-2), 12-72.
Roghi, G., 2004. Palynological investigations in the Carnian of the Cavedel Predil area (Julian Alps, NE Italy). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 132, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2004.03.001.
Ruckwied, K., 2009. Palynology of Triassic/Jurassic boundary key sections of the NW Tethyan Realm (Hungary and Slovakia). Ph.D thesis, 190.
Sabbaghiyan, H., Aria-Nasab, M.R. and Ghasemi-Nejad, E., 2020. The palynology of the Nayband Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Tabas Block, Central Iran. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 282(1–4),104308. https://doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104308
Sabbaghiyan, H., Ghasemi-Nejad, E. and Aria-Nasab, M.R., 2015. Dinoflagellate cysts from the Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) strata of the Tabas Block, East-Central Iran. Geopersia, 5 (1), 19-26.
Sajjadi, F. and Playford, G., 2002. Systematic and stratigraphic palynology of Late Jurassic - earliest Cretaceous strata of the Eromange Basin, Queensland, Australia. Part 2, Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 261(4-6), 99-165. https://doi.org/10.1127/palb/261/2002/99.
Sajjadi, F., Hashemi, H. and Borzuee, E., 2015. Palynostratigraphy of the Nayband Formation, Tabas, Central Iran Basin: Paleogeographical and Paleoecological implications, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 111, 553–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.05.030.
Seyed-Emami, K., 2003. Triassic in Iran. Facies. 48: 91–106
Stanley, A., Pocock, J. and Jansonius, J., 1969. Redescription of some fossil gymnospermous pollen (Chasmatosporites, Marsupipollenites, Ovalipollis). Canadian Journal of Botany, 47, 155-165. https://doi.org/10.1139/b69-019.
Stöcklin, J. and Setudehnia, A., 1977. Stratigraphic Lexicon of Iran. Geological Survery of Iran, Tehran, 376.
Taylor, T.N., Taylor, E.L. and Krings, M., 2009. Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, 2nd ed. Elsevier, Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 1230.
Tidwell, W.D. and Nishida, H., 1993. A new fossilized tree fern stem, Nishidacaulis burgii gen. et sp. nov. from Nebraska, South Dakota, U.S.A. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 78(1-2), 55-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(93)90017-O
Traverse, A., 2007. Paleopalynology. Second sedition, Springer, Berlin, 813.
Vajda, V. and Bercovici, A., 2014. The global vegetation pattern across the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass-extinction interval—an integrated global perspective. Global Planet Change 12, 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.07.014
Vakhrameev, V.A., 1991. Jurassic and Cretaceous Floras and Climates of the Earth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 318.
Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert, J.H.A., 2002. Ecology of some Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous ferns in Eurasia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 119, 113-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(01)00132-4
Villar de Seoane, L., 1999. Estudio comparado de Cyathea cyathifolia comb. nov. del Cretacico inferior de Patagonia, Argentina. Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 14, 157-163.
Wikström, N., Kenrick, P. and Vogel, J.C., 2002. Schizaeaceae: A phylogenetic approach. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 119, 35-50.
Willis, K.J. and McElwain, J.C., 2002. The evolution of plants. Oxford University Press, New York, 378.